巢湖水中邻苯二甲酸酯安全性评价

本文测定了5种PAEs在巢湖水中的质量浓度,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯在所有采样点位均有检出,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的最高质量浓度为3．15μg／L、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的最高质量浓度为1．82μg／L、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的最高质量浓度为12．95μg／L,邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯最高为7．21μg／L,未检出邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯。运用数学模型对PAEs在水中的环境行为进行了安全性评价,结果显示巢湖水受到邻苯二酸酯不同程度的污染。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯

采用固相萃取法对水样进行提取富集,气相色谱法测定水中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物,并对方法进行了探索、优化和验证。对水体pH在固相萃取过程中对邻苯二甲酸酯萃取回收率的影响进行了研究,解决了邻苯二甲酸2-乙基己基酯和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯回收率不高的问题。在空白水加标实验中,邻苯二甲酸酯的回收率能达到93.2%~116.3%。除此之外,还对工业废水和地表水进行了加标回收实验,获得了较高的回收率及测定精度。     

加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱测定土壤中酞酸酯类化合物

建立了加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱法测定土壤中14种酞酸酯类化合物的方法。结果表明,该方法对14种酞酸酯分离度较好,加标回收率为67.1%~128%,精密度RSD(n=6)为5.2%~15.0%,方法检出限为0.021~0.034 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、准确,具有较好的实用性。     

Alteration of acetylcholinesterase activity in Semele solida (MOLLUSCA: SEMELIDAE) as a biochemical response to coastal anthropogenic impact

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was analyzed as a molecular marker indicative of exposure to organophosphorus pesticide residues in individuals of the endemic clam species Semele solida in selected coastal locations of Chile's VIII Region. AChE activity was assayed in clams from (i) Penco Beach near the mouth of the Andalién River (Concepción Bay), (ii) Lenga Beach, near the mouth of the Lenga Estuary (San Vicente Bay), and (iii) Coliumo Beach, near the mouth of the Coliumo Estuary (Coliumo Bay). We also analyzed variations in protein content of clam hemolymph, and variability in the activity of AChE in relation to the sizes of the individual clams sampled. Collection of the clams was done using routine methods, during the spring of 2005, the period during which the use of pesticides is typically intensified in the surrounding forestry and agriculture. The results showed no significant correlation of AChE activity with either the size of the clam, or with the concentration of proteins in the hemolymph. The lowest AChE activity was observed in clams from mouth of the Andalién River (187.5 ± 34.9 Umin^?1) which was significantly less than that measured in specimens collected near the mouth of the Coliumo Estuary and the mouth of the Lenga Estuary. A very close relation was observed between the degree of anthropogenic inputs, ocean dynamics, and alterations in AChE activity in S. solida. This clam appears to be a useful indicator species, and AChE activity a sensitive marker for the presence of xenobiotics.     

CTMAB／SDS改性沸石对水中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯吸附机制

以季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB及阴离子表面活性剂SDS对粉末状天然沸石进行复合改性,制备得到了CTMAB／SDS改性沸石。对改性沸石及天然沸石进行红外吸收光谱及XRD衍射表征,并研究了PAEs在天然沸石和CT-MAB／SDS改性沸石上的吸附机制。结果表明,阴阳离子表面活性剂没有对层状结构的键型造成较大的影响;PAEs在天然沸石和CTMAB／SDS改性沸石上的吸附更符合表面吸附一分配作用复合模型;PAEs的表面吸附和分配作用对吸附作用的贡献主要受吸附剂中有机质含量及吸附物质大小、极性及溶解度的影响。     

东莞地下水邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征及来源探讨

在广东东莞地区采集了59组地下水水样和9组地表水水样,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行测定,结果表明,地下水中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的检出率为39.0％,6种PAEs的质量浓度在未检出～6.70 μg/L.其中,邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)检出率最高,为22.O％,最大值为6.20 μg/L;邻苯二甲酸二...     

宏基因组揭示紫色土中邻苯二甲酸酯去除的微生物学机制

邻苯二甲酸酯具有内分泌干扰特性,在环境中持久存在,其去除机制备受关注.为探究邻苯二甲酸酯在紫色农田土壤中的去除机制、关键微生物及功能基因,以邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）为目标污染物,分别设置含量为0、5、10和20 mg·kg^-1的单一污染土壤,避光培养90 d,利用宏基因组技术探究其去除的微生物生态学机制.结果表明,DBP和DEHP在土壤中的降解动态均符合一级动力学降解模型,半衰期介于17.0~38.2 d之间,5 mg·kg^-1的DBP降解速率最快,依次快于10 mg·kg^-1的DEHP、5 mg·kg^-1的DBP、5 mg·kg^-1的DEHP以及20 mg·kg^-1的DBP和DEHP.第7 d和15 d的土壤样品间细菌群落结构存在显著差异,放线菌门相对丰度随时间不断提升,且与DBP或DEHP半衰期呈反比.物种共现网络分析筛选出变形菌门的Pandoraea属为群落中的关键物种,可以用来指示DBP和DEHP污染程度.KEGG功能注释结果表明,Pandoraea在群落中负责酯键水解、苯甲酸降解、群体感应、ABC转运和双组分系统等功能,可以促进邻苯二甲酸酯上下游降解、细胞通讯和其它降解菌的生长繁殖,以此维持群落结构的稳定.由此可见,紫色土中,DBP和DEHP的去除效率取决于初始含量和自身性质,放线菌门的细菌在降解中扮演重要角色,Pandoraea在促进邻苯二甲酸酯降解和调节降解菌群结构和功能的稳定中均发挥关键作用.     

Thermal Solid State Reactions of Potato Starch with α-Hydroxy Acids

The numerous applications of dextrins resulting from the heating of potato starch with α-amino acids prompted me to check the thermal reactions of starch with hydroxy acids and their lactones, such as citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, and coumarine. The course of reactions was observed by means of Simultaneous TG/DSC Thermal Analyser. The thermal reactions were carried out on convectional and microwave heating. The course of reactions under such conditions was compared and properties of resulting dextrins were recognized. The structure and properties of products were obtained from FTIR spectra, water solubility tests, and pH measurements. It was found, that hydroxy acids and/or products of their thermal transformations reacted with starch and/or resulting dextrins producing esters or crosslinking esterification of dextrins took place. The properties of new dextrins were presented in order to check, in further studies, their application for selective flotation of complex metal ores and their suitability as prebiotics.     

环境水样中邻苯二甲酸酯固相膜萃取预富集方法

使用C₁₈键合硅胶固相萃取膜,研究了环境水样中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAES）类化合物的固相膜萃取预富集方法,探讨了影响萃取效果的因素;并以环境水样为介质,比较了固相膜萃取与液－液萃取的富集效果．结果表明,4种PAEs膜萃取回收率均高于85％,与液－液萃取结果相近;同时还给出了实际水样中4种PAES固相膜萃取结果．     

塑料包装物中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布统计分析

选取36种日用塑料包装物作为研究对象,采用方差分析和多重比较检验等统计方法,对其所含6种优先控制污染物—邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的分布特点进行统计分析.结果表明,仅有2.78%的塑料样品没有PAEs被检出,50%的样品含有2种或2种以上PAEs;其中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)分布最为广泛,存在于97.22%的样品中.塑料包装袋的来源、色彩与其ΣPAEs具有较高的关联性,菜市场包装袋的ΣPAEs显著高于超市塑料包装袋和一次性塑料包装袋的ΣPAEs;彩色塑料包装袋中ΣPAEs高于非彩色塑料包装袋;在材质中加入颜料的塑料包装袋其ΣPAEs明显高于表面彩绘的塑料包装袋.