简易、快速检测有机磷农药的酶片和生色基质片

研制出简易、快速检测有机磷农药的酶片和生色基质片。用胆碱酯酶抑制试验检测水中的有机磷农药,检测灵敏度在０．０１—１０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围,适宜温度在２５—３５℃之间,分析周期约为１５—２０ｍｉｎ。甲胺磷和水胺硫磷等硫代磷酸酯类农药经溴水活化后检测灵敏度也达上述水平。实际水样检测表明,检样中农药含量在检测灵敏度范围内时,阳性结果相当明显,溶液吸光度比值Ａ对照／Ａ检样＞２。由于检测时无需配制试剂和使用仪器,本法特别适宜于现场检测。     

GC-ECD检测水中有机氯和有机磷农残研究

本文研究GC-ECD同吋检测水体中十二个有机氯农药和有机磷农药组分的最佳测试条件。在选定的测试条件下,方法检测下限达0.2ng/L(α-666)和0.8ng/L(甲基-1605),线性范围均达10~3数量级,水样加标回收率在82.5—100％之间。     

有机磷农药污染对金龟子幼虫呼吸强度的影响

有机磷农药对金龟子幼虫呼吸强度影响的实验研究表明,金龟子幼虫对有机磷农药污染的反应十分敏感,4种有机磷农药处理组动物呼吸强度均明显大于对照组,并且由于不同种农药的毒性不同,对呼吸强度影响的程度也明显不同,其中以甲胺磷影响最大,灭杀毙最小,呼吸强度分别为4.9528mL/g·h和2.1557mL/g·h。染毒历时和农药浓度的影响则表现为随染毒时间的延长和农药浓度的降低,动物呼吸强度逐渐减弱。     

玻璃纤维附载TiO2光催化降解有机磷农药

研究以四异丙醇钛为原料,配制成胶体用玻璃纤维附载ＴｉＯ２的过程;同时利用附载的ＴｉＯ２光催化降解有机磷农药。结果表明,低浓度的４种有机磷农药,３７５Ｗ中 汞灯短时间照射有机磷将完全被光催化氧化至ＰＯ＾３－４;玻璃纤维上附载的ＴｉＯ２不易脱落。     

气相色谱法测定土壤和沉积物中12种有机磷农药

建立了索氏提取-固相萃取（SPE）小柱净化-GC-NPD测定土壤和沉积物中的12种有机磷农药的方法。用正己烷-丙酮（9：1）进行索氏提取,SPE硅胶小柱净化,15 mL乙酸乙酯洗脱。适用于土壤和沉积物的干样和湿样中12种有机磷农药的测定,取样量为10 g时,方法检出限为0.304~1.469 μg/kg,样品加标平均回收率为67.10%~109.8%,相对标准偏差为3.39%~14.7%。     

废弃农药厂土壤和地下水中有机磷农药的健康风险评价

采用气相色谱氮磷检测器法测定了某废弃农药厂土壤和地下水中有机磷农药(OPPs)的含量,并用美国环保署(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价方法,对该场地土壤和地下水中OPPs引起的健康风险进行了初步评价。结果表明,土壤、地下水中∑OPPs的检出浓度范围分别为1.3~1 129μg/kg和48.0~149.2 ng/L,点位检出率分别为73%、100%。土壤和地下水中OPPs的非致癌总风险指数均小于1,致癌总风险指数均在10-4以下。根据USEPA的建议值,初步认为该场地土壤和地下水中OPPs不会对人体产生明显的健康危害。     

A method for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticide residues in Mexican axolotl

A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was developed for quantitative extraction of three organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. The determination was carried out using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array spectrophotometric UV detection (DAD). The MSPD extraction with octadecylsilyl (C18) sorbent combined with a silica gel clean-up and acetonitrile elution was optimised for chlorpyrifos, fenthion and methyl parathion. The method was validated, yielding recovery values higher than 90%. The precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD), was less than or equal to 6% in muscle samples at spiking levels of 10 and 5 ppm. Linearity was studied from 15 to 60 ppm for chlorpyrifos and fenthion, and from 7.5 to 30 ppm for methyl parathion. The limits of detection (LODs) were found to be less than or equal to 0.5 ppm_.This method was applied to the analysis of samples from a chlorpyrifos-exposed axolotl, demonstrating its use as an analytical tool for toxicological studies.     

采用气相色谱法测定土壤中有机磷农药

建立了一种用GC-FPD测定土壤中的5种有机磷农药的测定方法,经索氏提取,GPC净化浓缩后直接进样分析。用保留时间定性,外标法定量。5种有机磷农药的回收率为86.5%～103.2%,精密度(以相对标准偏差表示)为2.47%～5.70%;检测限为0.000 1～0.000 2 mg/kg。该方法准确度和灵敏度高,前处理简单,可同时测定土壤中的5种有机磷农药。     

Insights into the structure of urea-like compounds as inhibitors of the juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta: analysis of the binding modes and structure-activity relationships of the inhibitors by docking and CoMFA calculations

Substituted urea compounds are well-known as potent inhibitors of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. Docking simulations of 47 derivatives inside JHEH were performed to gain insight into the structural characteristics of these complexes. The obtained orientations show a strong similitude with the observed in the known X-ray crystal structures of human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) complexed with dialkylurea inhibitors. In addition, the predicted inhibitor concentration (IC₅₀) of the above-mentioned compounds as JHEH inhibitors were obtained by a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) applied to aligned dataset. The best models included steric and electrostatic fields and had adequate predictive abilities. In addition, these models were used to predict the activity of an external test set of compounds that was not used for building the model. Furthermore, plots of the CoMFA fields allowed conclusions to be drawn for the choice of suitable inhibitors.     

SBR生化法处理有机磷农药废水

采用ＳＢＲ生化法处理有机磷农药废水,生产规模试运行结果表明,ＳＢＲ生化法具有装置结构简单、运转录活、操作方便、ＣＯＤ和有机磷去除率高等特点。