简易、快速检测有机磷农药的酶片和生色基质片

研制出简易、快速检测有机磷农药的酶片和生色基质片。用胆碱酯酶抑制试验检测水中的有机磷农药,检测灵敏度在０．０１—１０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围,适宜温度在２５—３５℃之间,分析周期约为１５—２０ｍｉｎ。甲胺磷和水胺硫磷等硫代磷酸酯类农药经溴水活化后检测灵敏度也达上述水平。实际水样检测表明,检样中农药含量在检测灵敏度范围内时,阳性结果相当明显,溶液吸光度比值Ａ对照／Ａ检样＞２。由于检测时无需配制试剂和使用仪器,本法特别适宜于现场检测。     

GC-ECD检测水中有机氯和有机磷农残研究

本文研究GC-ECD同吋检测水体中十二个有机氯农药和有机磷农药组分的最佳测试条件。在选定的测试条件下,方法检测下限达0.2ng/L(α-666)和0.8ng/L(甲基-1605),线性范围均达10~3数量级,水样加标回收率在82.5—100％之间。     

A method for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticide residues in Mexican axolotl

A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was developed for quantitative extraction of three organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. The determination was carried out using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array spectrophotometric UV detection (DAD). The MSPD extraction with octadecylsilyl (C18) sorbent combined with a silica gel clean-up and acetonitrile elution was optimised for chlorpyrifos, fenthion and methyl parathion. The method was validated, yielding recovery values higher than 90%. The precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD), was less than or equal to 6% in muscle samples at spiking levels of 10 and 5 ppm. Linearity was studied from 15 to 60 ppm for chlorpyrifos and fenthion, and from 7.5 to 30 ppm for methyl parathion. The limits of detection (LODs) were found to be less than or equal to 0.5 ppm_.This method was applied to the analysis of samples from a chlorpyrifos-exposed axolotl, demonstrating its use as an analytical tool for toxicological studies.     

采用气相色谱法测定土壤中有机磷农药

建立了一种用GC-FPD测定土壤中的5种有机磷农药的测定方法,经索氏提取,GPC净化浓缩后直接进样分析。用保留时间定性,外标法定量。5种有机磷农药的回收率为86.5%～103.2%,精密度(以相对标准偏差表示)为2.47%～5.70%;检测限为0.000 1～0.000 2 mg/kg。该方法准确度和灵敏度高,前处理简单,可同时测定土壤中的5种有机磷农药。     

Insights into the structure of urea-like compounds as inhibitors of the juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta: analysis of the binding modes and structure-activity relationships of the inhibitors by docking and CoMFA calculations

Substituted urea compounds are well-known as potent inhibitors of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. Docking simulations of 47 derivatives inside JHEH were performed to gain insight into the structural characteristics of these complexes. The obtained orientations show a strong similitude with the observed in the known X-ray crystal structures of human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) complexed with dialkylurea inhibitors. In addition, the predicted inhibitor concentration (IC₅₀) of the above-mentioned compounds as JHEH inhibitors were obtained by a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) applied to aligned dataset. The best models included steric and electrostatic fields and had adequate predictive abilities. In addition, these models were used to predict the activity of an external test set of compounds that was not used for building the model. Furthermore, plots of the CoMFA fields allowed conclusions to be drawn for the choice of suitable inhibitors.     

SBR生化法处理有机磷农药废水

采用ＳＢＲ生化法处理有机磷农药废水,生产规模试运行结果表明,ＳＢＲ生化法具有装置结构简单、运转录活、操作方便、ＣＯＤ和有机磷去除率高等特点。     

光化学降解有机磷农药研究进展

光化学降解有机磷农药是一种高效、无二次污染的非生物转化过程,也是有机磷农药在环境中的主要降解途径.本文通过介绍光化学方法降解有机磷农药的基本原理、有机磷农药的主要光化学反应类型、光化学降解过程中光敏(猝灭)剂的作用及影响光化学反应的因素,分析了今后光化学降解有机磷农药研究中需要关注的问题,提出将有机磷农药的光催化氧化技术与其他方法相结合,研发高效、经济的新技术是今后农药残留降解技术研究的重点.     

降解菌JQL4-5甲氰菊酯水解酶的提取及酶学特性研究

Sphingomonas sp.JQL4-5是一株甲氰菊酯降解菌。提取该菌株的甲氰菊酯水解酶,对其酶学特性进行了初步研究。该酶水解甲氰菊酯的最适pH值为7.0,最适温度为30℃,供试的金属离子均对酶活性有一定的抑制作用,抑制率与金属离子的浓度呈正相关,其中Ag+的抑制作用最强烈,几乎可以导致酶活性完全丧失。该酶在极性有机溶剂中比在非极性的有机溶剂中稳定。     

种植基地有机磷农药污染土壤的微生物修复

针对我国土壤普遍受到有机磷农药污染的现状,从有机磷农药污染土壤中筛选出降解作用大、生理性状稳定的5种抗性菌株,根据细菌形态观察、生理生化指标检测及16SrDNA基因序列分析,初步确定其生物学分类地位。通过富集培养及固定化技术,分别研究其对甲拌磷、对硫磷、甲基异柳磷和氯氰菊酯等农药的生物降解作用及其影响因素。初步探讨了微生物对甲拌磷农药的降解机理。上述研究结果表明：利用微生物降解农药是一种较有开发前景的有效方法。     

珠江河口水体有机磷农药的含量与季节变化

定期采集珠江口地区3条河涌的水样,分析9种有机磷农药(OPPs)含量及其时空变化规律.监测期间,9种OPPs中有7种被检出,检出率由高到低依次为:甲拌磷(97.5%)、敌敌畏(80.0%)、乙拌磷(77.5%)、灭线磷(15.0%)、乐果(10.0%)、甲基对硫磷(5.0%)、毒死稗(5.0%).∑OPPs浓度为0.46~43.60μg/L,平均为7.25μg/L,与其他地区相比处于较高的污染水平.珠江口有机磷农药的污染状况受季节影响十分显著.从丰水期至枯水期,沙湾水道、蕉门水道、万顷沙∑OPPs均值分别从7.82μg/L降至2.24μg/L,10.58μg/L降至6.46μg/L,13.08μg/L降至3.32μg/L.3条水道水质受农田面积、种植类型等因素的影响,OPPs污染状况和组成有较大的差异.