淮南—蚌埠段淮河流域沉积物中PAHs的分布及来源辨析

采用GC-MS对淮南至蚌埠段淮河流域水源地、支流及排污口采集沉积物中18种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行定量分析.结果表明,研究区水源地及其支流沉积物中PAHs含量范围为308.12～1090.37ng/g;排污口沉积物PAHs范围为1308.36～8793.16ng/g.沉积物PAHs组成以3～4环PAHs为主,5～6环PAHs相对较少.相对于TOC,BC与沉积物总PAHs的含量相关性更好.PAHs组成特征、主成分分析及多特征比值揭示淮南至蚌埠段淮河流域沉积物PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧,还有少量石油类产品的输入.生态风险评价结果显示,研究区沉积物中多数PAHs化合物已超出ER-L值和ISQV-L值,而姚家湾排污口沉积物PAHs部分化合物已超出ER-H值和ISQV-H值,表明沉积物中的PAHs对研究区环境已造成了极大的生态风险.     

试谈建立沱江源头水源保护区的必要性

本文根据沱江源头水源涵养林辽度砍代，导致源头蓄水量锐减，以及滥采乱控矿石，造成资源损失与灾害频繁的严峻现实，提出了建立沱江源头水源保护区的必要性。     

天柱山国内旅游市场空间结构分析与优化

从旅游客源和客流两方面分析了天柱山国内旅游市场的空间结构特征及其演化:2002年与1996年相比,天柱山国内旅游客源市场有扩散趋势,但仍呈较强的集中性,客源吸引半径小幅上升,呈明显的近程性;旅游客流在景区空间呈现多中心辐射扩散的分布点.在此基础上,划分了天柱山国内旅游市场空间圈层结构,对不同的圈层结构提出了不同的经营策略,以达到优化市场空间结构的目的.     

许家窑-侯家窑遗址年代学研究进展

人类的起源与演化一直是考古学及其他学科研究的重点。泥河湾盆地,是我国古人类文化的重要组成部分,在泥河湾盆地的许家窑-侯家窑遗址,正处于现代人起源、扩散的关键时期,为解决我国甚至东亚的现代人起源问题具有举足轻重的作用。前人对遗址进行过多次系统挖掘,开展了一系列不同方法的年代学工作,然而其文化层年代却有较大的争议。本文对许家窑-侯家窑遗址文化层的年代进行系统总结,通过对前人用不同测年方法获得年代进行综合对比。结果表明：不同方法测定的许家窑-侯家窑遗址文化层的年代差距过大,难以确定文化层的年代。许家窑-侯家窑遗址文化层的年代的不确定,严重影响了众多学者对于我国现代人起源的进一步研究。年代测量方法虽然众多,但是不同测年方法,有着不同的测年区间,因此后期需要根据许家窑-侯家窑遗址的年代区间来选择适合的测量方法,并使用不同材料来进行对比分析获得最为准确的年代。     

共原点灰色聚类法在大气环境评价中的应用——以福州市2001年到2008年大气环境质量为例

建立了共原点灰色聚类法大气环境质量综合评价模式,并应用于福州市2001～2008年大气环境质量评价,结果表明：与传统模糊数学评价方法相比,共原点灰色聚类法评价结果更为细腻,评价结果更符合实际情况。共原点灰色聚类法用于评价大气环境质量是可行的。     

Effects of heavy metal pollution of highway origin on soil nematode guilds in North Shenyang, China

Soil samples were collected with distance at 5, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 m from the Shen-Ha Highway, Northeast China, to investigate the effect of heavy metals of highway origin on soil nematode guilds. The contents of soil Pb, Cu and Zn and the nematode community structure in this investigation were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of total and available Pb, Cu and Zn varied significantly with the different distances from the highway. Pb was the main pollutant in the soils in the vicinity of Shen-Ha Highway and the zone from 20 to 40 m away from the highway was the most polluted area. The highest abundance of soil nematodes was found at 5 m while the lowest at 20 m away from the highway. Thirty six genera of nematodes belonging to 23 families were identified. Nematode guilds having different responses to soil heavy metals were classified into four types. Soil nematode guilds may act as a prominent indicator to heavy metal pollution of highway origin.     

水环境生态安全预警评价与分析--以上海市为例

针对水环境这一评价对象的特点．建立起有效的水环境生态安全评价指标,采取综合指数法进行评价,在此定量基础上,启动水环境生态安全的预警系统,采用定性分析的方法,对水环境生态安全的警度、警源从时间变化和空间分布角度分别进行判别。最后以上海市为例,对可能出现的水资源衰竭和水环境危机建立警报,并提出针对性的建设措施和安全维护对策。     

居民点地名起源分类法——以茂名市各个镇为例

地名是人们日常提及最多、使用最多的词语之一,对我们的日常生活、社会活动和经济活动都重要的影响.每个地名都有它产生的过程,认识地名的起源,对研究一个地区的文化有重要的意义.地名起源是地名研究的重要部分,以往的地名起源分类多以概括性为主,缺少系统的分类方法.该研究从地理要素的角度,将居民点地名起源其分化为自然环境、人文和经济社会三个一级类,二十七个二级分类,自然环境分类又划分了三级和四级分类.根据这一分类方法,以茂名市各个镇的地名为例,将居民点地名分类法运用到区域地名的研究中,并阐述其分类过程中的一些基本原则.     

印染废水处理工艺改造及其效益分析

通过实验数据分析,对本源微生物菌剂处理印染废水的有效性进行了检验。在此基础上,确定了先生物处理后絮凝的处理方式。进而分析了印染废水原处理工艺中存在的问题,并对其进行了改造,即:以本源微生物菌剂为母菌接种于印染废水中,并结合生物铁填料对其进行处理。工艺改造成功启动后,稳定运行结果显示:复合生化池和接触氧化池的处理工艺对色度和COD的平均去除率分别为:55.69%、55.63%和78.53%、78.21%;出水pH、色度和COD的平均值分别为6.6、13倍和93 mg/L,全部满足标准要求。该工艺大大减少了污泥量,且降低了处理费用。     

Growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of two microalgal species, Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum capricornutum, to nonylphenol stress

The effect of nonylphenol (NP) on growth, photochemistry and biochemistry of two green microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Selenanstrum capricornutum, and their ability to degrade NP were compared. The 96 h EC₅₀ of C. vulgaris and S. capricornutum were greater than 4.0 and 1.0 mg L⁻¹ NP, respectively, suggesting that the former species was more tolerant to NP. Both microalgae acclimated to NP stress through down-regulating their photosynthetic activities, including antenna size (chlorophyll a content), maximal photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the light absorbed by PSII (ABS/CS₀), but the dissipation of energy from reaction centres (DI₀/RC) increased with the increase of NP concentrations. In C. vulgaris, the changes of these parameters were more significant than in S. capricornutum and recovered completely after a 96 h exposure. The antioxidant responses, such as GSH content, CAT and POD activities in C. vulgaris increased with the increase of NP concentrations after a 24 h exposure, but these changes disappeared with exposure time and recovered to the control levels after 96 h. In S. capricornutum, although GSH content, CAT and POD activities also increased when exposed to low- to moderate-NP concentrations, these values were significantly reduced at a high concentration (4 mg L⁻¹) even after a 96 h exposure, indicating its antioxidant responses were significantly delayed. It is clear that the more NP-tolerant species, C. vulgaris, acclimated better with a faster recovery of its photosynthetic activity from the NP-induced damage, and exhibited more efficient and rapid responses to NP-induced oxidative stress. C. vulgaris also had a higher NP degradation ability than S. capricornutum.