超临界CO2回收线路板工艺研究

采用正交试验设计进行了超临界CO₂回收废弃印刷线路板的实验。以温度、压强、时间和夹带剂为实验因素,通过对实验前后样本在重量、厚度、弯曲强度和断裂强度四方面变化的分析考察了各实验因素对实验效果的影响。实验结果表明,影响超临界CO₂法回收印刷线路板的最主要因素为温度、时间和夹带剂,超临界CO₂法回收废弃印刷线路板的最佳工艺条件：温度270℃,压强大于7.38 MPa,时间3 h,夹带剂(水)160 mL。实验进一步验证了压强对实验结果的非显著性影响。     

多因素影响下巷道变形特性数值模拟研究

基于FLAC3D有限差分软件对开挖深度、侧压力系数、断面形状等多因素影响下的巷道变形参数进行正交试验，根据正交试验分析结果，分别选取同一深度条件下的圆形、马蹄形、直墙拱形、矩形巷道进行模拟试验并以圆形巷道作为典型断面，对不同深度下的巷道变形特征进行模拟试验。研究结果表明:开挖深度对巷道开挖后的应力差变化影响明显，断面形状对巷道围岩内的塑性区深度和具有显著影响；巷道开挖后的塑性区深度和随形状指数增加而呈线性增长趋势，圆形巷道的塑性区深度和最小，矩形最大；应力差随着巷道开挖深度的增加呈线性增加，深部开采应重视巷道内的应力分布情况。     

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION MODELS FOR APPLICATION TO WATER RESOURCES PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: A research project was undertaken for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to determine the relative utility and effectiveness of four well-known multicriteria decision making (MCDM) models for applications in realistic water resources planning settings. A series of experiments was devised to examine the impact of rating and ranking procedures on the decision making behavior of users (e.g., planners, managers, analysts, etc.) when faced with situations involving multiple evaluation criteria and numerous alternative planning projects. The four MCDM models tested were MATS-PC, EXPERT CHOICE, ARIADNE, and ELECTRE. Two groups of analysts and decision makers were tested. One group consisted of experienced U.S. Army Corps planners, while the other was comprised of graduate students. Based on a series of nonparametric statistical tests, the results identified EXPERT CHOICE as the preferred MCDM model by both groups based largely on ease of use and understandability. ARIADNE fostered the largest degree of agreement within and among the two groups of individuals tested. The tests also lend support to the claim that rankings are not affected significantly by the choice of decision maker (i.e., who uses any of these MCDM models) or which of these four models is used.     

西太平洋添加营养盐培养实验中挥发性卤代烃含量动态变化

于2018年10月9日~11月1日采集西太平洋表层海水，通过营养盐添加船基培养实验，研究了不同营养盐条件下浮游植物的生长及其释放挥发性卤代烃（VHCs）含量的动态变化规律.结果表明，与对照组相比，氮磷营养盐的添加对叶绿素a（Chl-a）的含量和三氯乙烯（C₂HCl₃），四氯乙烯（C₂Cl₄），一氯二溴甲烷（CHBr₂Cl），三溴甲烷（CHBr₃）的释放量表现出显著促进作用，但促进程度与添加氮磷营养盐的浓度及比值密切相关.高浓度氮更有利于浮游植物的生长及C₂HCl₃和C₂Cl₄的释放.N/P比符合Redfield比值更有利于CHBr₂Cl和CHBr₃的释放.相比NO₃^--N，NH₄⁺-N的添加更有利于4种VHCs释放.     

粪肥施用对抗生素在土壤上吸附的影响

磺胺类抗生素和氟苯尼考(FFC)是浙江省普遍使用的抗生素，在土壤上吸附弱而易于迁移，存在较高的环境风险.近年来，粪源抗生素对农田土壤潜在风险的研究多是在实验室条件下添加粪肥的方式进行，无法评估自然施肥状态下抗生素的污染风险.因此以浙江省长期施用不同肥料(鸡粪、猪粪和化肥)的5种旱地农田土壤[临安(LA)、嘉善(JS)、龙游(LY)、开化(KH)和金华(JH)]为对象，选用4种常用的抗生素[磺胺嘧啶(SD)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SMT)、磺胺甲基异噁唑(SMZ)和FFC],进行批量平衡实验，探究土壤不同类型和粪肥类型对抗生素在土壤中吸附的影响.结果表明，4种抗生素在实验土壤中的吸附都较弱，吸附次序为：SMT(1.44～13.23 mg⁽1-(1/n))·L^1/n·kg^-1)>SMZ(0.73～6.05 mg⁽1-(1/n))·L^1/n·kg^-1)>SD(0.16～5.57 mg⁽1-(1/n))·L^1/n·...     

低能耗低成本排气消声器的研制

利用正交设计方法对汽车的排气消声器进行优化设计 ,弄清了不同参数对消声器性能的影响和变化规律。通过正交设计 ,使新消声器的各项指标得到提高。     

浅析黄河流域及黄淮海平原降水时空分布特征及其与水资源合理利用之互补

黄河是西北—华北地区工农业生产和生活的重要水资源。如何结合流域内降水时空分布特征及农业需水规律,适应自然条件和经济发展,对黄河水从时间、空间、数量上进行调节性利用,达到河水与降水互补,对于充分利用黄河水资源具有重要意义。本文就此问题进行研究,用经验正交函数分解的方法对黄河流域不同年型和主要作物发育期的降水时空分布进行分析,并根据分析结果提出了合理利用黄河水资源的建议。     

线路板蚀刻废液资源化处理零排放新工艺

对广州市白云区南溪化工厂开发出的一套对线路板蚀刻废液集中资源化处理的零排放处理新工艺的工艺条件进行了深入研究,并通过正交试验的方法,优化了最关键的三个工艺条件,即混合生石灰加入量为碱式氯化铜泥重量的0.8倍,焙烧温度为500℃,粉碎粒度为100目。在此条件下处理后的物料,通过摇床分选后得到的氧化铜纯度达96.5%,回收率达97.1%。由于这套工艺通过在固相条件下生成氧化铜并用重力分选的方法将其分离出来,克服了原有工艺的缺陷,使废液中所有的成分能够在较低的处理成本下全部分离回收,完全无“三废”排出,达到了清洁生产的要求。此工艺已经投入运行,效果理想。     

岩体锚固及安全保护试验研究--以库木吐拉千佛洞为例

岩体严重风化、垮塌和裂隙发育是库木吐拉千佛洞普遍存在的地质环境病害．风化岩体锚固机理的研究和灌浆材料的优选是对洞窟实施有效安全保护的关键。现场试验结果表明：锚固体的破坏产生于岩体与灌浆体的接触面．抗拔力与锚固长度无明显线性关系．存在最佳锚固参数；风化岩体具有良好的可灌性．实现裂隙灌浆的重点只在于材料性能的确定。笔者认为在此基础上进行保护施工必须综合考虑特定环境条件．充分比较材料的优劣．恰当地选择锚固技术和引用PS及PS复合材料。     

Modelling of silica diffusion experiments with Si in Boom Clay

A mathematical model describing the dissolution of nuclear glass directly disposed in clay combines a first-order dissolution rate law with the diffusion of dissolved silica in clay. According to this model, the main parameters describing the long-term dissolution of the glass are ηR, the product of the diffusion accessible porosity η and the retardation factor R, and the apparent diffusion coefficient D_app of dissolved silica in clay.For determining the migration parameters needed for long-term predictions, four Through-Diffusion (T-D) experiments and one percolation test have been performed on undisturbed clay cores. In the Through-Diffusion experiments, the concentration decrease after injection of ³²Si (radioactive labelled silica) was measured in the inlet compartment. At the end of the T-D experiments, the clay cores were cut in thin slices and the activity of labelled silica in each slice was determined. The measured activity profiles for these four clay cores are well reproducible.Since no labelled silica could be detected in the outlet compartments, the Through-Diffusion experiments are fitted by two In-Diffusion models: one model assuming linear and reversible sorption equilibrium and a second model taking into account sorption kinetics. Although the kinetic model provides better fits, due to the sufficiently long duration of the experiments, both models give approximately similar values for the fit parameters. The single percolation test leads to an apparent diffusion coefficient value about two to three times lower than those of the Through-Diffusion tests.Therefore, dissolved silica appears to be strongly retarded in Boom Clay. A retardation factor R between 100 and 300 was determined. The corresponding in situ distribution coefficient K_d is in the range 25–75 cm³ g⁻¹. The apparent diffusion coefficient of dissolved silica in Boom Clay is estimated between 2×10⁻¹³ and 7×10⁻¹³ m² s⁻¹. The pore diffusion coefficient is in the range from 6×10⁻¹¹ to 1×10⁻¹⁰ m² s⁻¹.