产木聚糖酶嗜碱细菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

利用透明圈法筛选到一株产木聚糖酶的嗜碱芽孢杆菌NT 9,该菌株产木聚糖酶为组成型。正交设计实验结果表明 ,合适的产酶条件为 :木糖 15 .0g/L ,硫酸铵 2 .5 g/L ,Tween 80 2 0 g/L ,K2 HPO4 1.0g/L ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 .2g/L ,pH值 10 .0 ,3 7℃ ,2 0 0r/min ,振荡培养 72h。其木聚糖酶活力可达到 6.3 6IU/mL。     

采用正交实验优化湿热法处理厨余垃圾的工艺条件

实验采用3因素3水平的正交实验设计方法,研究了湿热法处理厨余垃圾并使其饲料化的加工工艺中,时间、温度、加水量对厨余垃圾饲用价值的影响,选取粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙和盐分为评价指标,确定反应的最佳工艺条件.实验结果表明,反应的最佳工艺条件为温度100℃、加水量50%、反应时间30 min.     

Sex pheromone components of male <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tirathaba mundella</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Summary. During peak calling activity by male oil palm bunch moths, Tirathaba mundella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), their hairpencils, wings or entire body were extracted in hexane. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of hair pencil extracts revealed four compounds that consistently elicited responses from female antennae. The NMR spectrum of isolated compound 1, and mass spectra and retention indices of compounds 1–4 suggested that they were (3S,6S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-ol (1), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (2, vanillin), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (3), and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanol (4). Comparative GC and GC-MS analyses of hair pencils extract and synthetic standards confirmed these structural assignments. Moreover, comparative chromatography of synthetic and hairpencil-isolated 1 on a Cyclodex-B column (which separated the four stereoisomers with baseline resolution) revealed that male T. mundella produce the SS-stereoisomer (SS-1). In field cage bioassay experiments in Palembang, Indonesia, synthetic SS-1 and vanillin in combination, but not singly, attracted female T. mundella. SS-1 plus vanillin were as effective as male T. mundella in attracting females. Compounds 3 and 4 did not enhance the blend's attractiveness. Received October 11 2002; accepted March 14, 2003. R1D=" Correspondence to: Gerhard Gries, email: gries@sfu.ca     

Streptomyces sp. WJS-825产谷氨酰胺转胺酶发酵条件优化及中试

应用五因子二次正交旋转回归试验设计,建立了微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶 (TG)发酵生产过程中以酶活力和菌体细胞生长量作为目标函数的数学模型,并以此模型对链霉菌 (Streptomycessp. )WJS-825菌株发酵生产TG的培养条件进行优化,确定了影响TG生产的主要因子及其最适取值为多价胨 2. 1%、可溶性淀粉 1. 5%、初始pH 7. 0及培养温度 30℃.以该优化工艺条件进行了 5L发酵罐小试和 200L发酵规模的中试生产.结果表明,在中试发酵生产中使用以豆饼粉部分替代多价胨的经济性发酵优化培养基,以及发酵过程中在线监控pH、溶氧系数等多项发酵调控参数,并分段控制pH、温度、通气量和搅拌转速以及进行适时的流加补充碳源,该菌株生长繁殖能力强、产酶效果好,TG活性达 3. 2u/mL,而且连续重复的中试发酵生产试验的TG产量均稳定在 3. 2u/mL以上. 图 2表 3参 15     

西南酸雨地区土壤中铝溶出规律的探讨

本文介绍了实验室动态模拟结果,对西南地区酸性沉降引起的土壤铝淋溶过程予以探讨。通过计算机推算拟合,提出了预测土壤中铝淋溶容量计算法。运用正交实验法,研究了近似于天然的动态过程中影响铝淋溶的主要因素及各因素间的相关性。得到了当降雨pH<6.0时,酸性土或弱酸性土中铝溶量和时间呈指数关系,以及影响铝溶出因素主要是酸雨的pH值、土壤的缓冲能力和环境温度等结论。     

高含沙紊动系统中影响泥沙和铜垂向分布的关键因素分析

采用谐振式紊动模拟装置和回归正交设计试验方法，研究了均匀紊乱条件下高浓度固液两相系统中初始投沙量、颗粒级配和紊动强度等因素对泥沙和铜浓度垂向分布的影响，得到了泥沙吸附铜量、水相铜浓度和含沙量与各因素变量间的回归方程，结果表明，投沙量与泥沙吸附铜量和水相铜浓度之间呈负相关关系；紊动强度与泥沙吸附铜量和含沙量之间呈正相关关系，回归正交试验结果进一步表明，泥沙吸附铜量和水相铜浓度均与投沙量显著相关，各因素对两者的影响程度均以投沙量影响为最大，而且远远大于紊动强度和颗粒级配的影响，三因素对铜的水沙分配没有交互作用影响，沿垂向分布的实际含沙量与投沙量、紊动强度及其交互项显著相关，投沙量影响最大。     

Special section: advancing the role of cities in climate governance – promise,limits, politics

This special issue contributes to scholarly debates about the role of cities in global climate governance, reflecting on the promise, limits, and politics of cities as agents of change. It takes an empirically-informed approach drawing on multiple diverse geographical and political contexts. Overall, the special issue aims to stimulate reflection and debate about where understanding and practice needs improvement to advance the role of cities in global climate governance. Key questions that are addressed in the special issue include: To what extent do real world experiences confirm or disconfirm the high expectations of cities as agents and sites of change in addressing global climate change as expressed in urban climate governance literature? In what ways do internal political dynamics of cities enable or constrain urban climate governance? How is climate governance in cities enabled and constrained by interactions with broader governance levels? In what ways can climate governance in cities be advanced through critical attention to the previous issues?     

水葫芦/污泥共热解法制备生物炭粒及其对Cr3+的吸附特性

为了促进水葫芦和污泥的资源化利用,探究水葫芦/污泥生物炭粒的基本理化性质及其对水中Cr3+的吸附机制,以水葫芦、污泥为原料,在300~500℃热解温度下制得生物炭粒,通过产率分析、灰分分析、比表面积和孔径分析及SEM（扫描电镜）分析,同时利用吸附动力学模型和等温吸附模型对生物炭粒吸附水中Cr3+的内在机制进行研究,最后采用TCLP（毒性浸出法）测定了不同生物炭粒中重金属的浸出毒性.结果表明:随着热解温度从300℃升至500℃,生物炭粒的产率从14.93%降至11.75%,生物炭粒的灰分含量逐渐升高,比表面积增大.SEM结果显示,水葫芦与污泥质量比为1:10时,生物炭粒比表面积较大,孔隙结构明显.当水葫芦与污泥质量比为1:10、热解温度为500℃时生物炭粒对Cr3+的吸附量最大,为44.96 mg/g.热力学分析显示,生物炭粒对溶液中Cr3+的吸附以化学吸附为主,且为单层吸附.TCLP试验表明,水葫芦/污泥生物炭粒中各重金属（Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr）的浸出浓度均低于GB 5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》的限值.研究显示,添加水葫芦能改善生物炭粒的理化性质,使得生物炭粒对Cr3+的吸附量增大,以化学吸附为主,且为单层吸附,水葫芦/污泥生物炭粒浸出毒性较低,可为生物炭类环境功能材料的研制提供选材依据.