Attitude of Saudi families affected with hemoglobinopathies towards prenatal screening and abortion and the influence of religious ruling (Fatwa)

Hemoglobinopathies are common inherited disorders in Saudi Arabia. Prenatal diagnosis for such diseases is specific and sensitive but not yet implemented in Saudi Arabia. Saudis are Muslims with a very high rate of consanguinity and inherited genetic disorders. To examine the attitude of Saudi families affected with hemoglobinopathies towards prenatal diagnosis and abortion, and to evaluate the effect of education on religious ruling on such attitudes, 32 families were interviewed using a pre-structured questionnaire. The majority accepted prenatal diagnosis (81.3%). The attitude towards abortion was greatly affected by religious values. Education about religious ruling significantly affected parents' attitude towards accepting abortion and prenatal diagnosis. No other factors were found to influence the outcome. Although the majority of families received some kind of formal genetic counseling [23/32 (71.9%)], none of them was informed about the possibility of prenatal or preimplantation diagnosis prior to the interview. Therefore for prevention of genetic disorders, the emphasis in countries with a vast majority of Muslims such as Saudi Arabia has probably to be placed on public awareness about genetic risks, the risk of consanguinity, availability of services, and so on, while at the same time taking into consideration the religious beliefs and education of the target population Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

临沧市省级划分水功能区入河排污口分析评价

根据临沧市入河排污口监测成果,评价分析临沧市省级划分水功能区入河排污口的分布及超标情况,计算水功能区入河排污口等超标污染负荷,分析入河排污口对水功能区水质的影响,提出对入河排污口的监督管理措施和建议。     

厂房内H_2连续泄漏扩散的模拟分析

利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对厂房内易燃易爆气体H2泄漏扩散过程进行了数值模拟,研究H2连续泄漏扩散规律。计算结果表明,厂房内H2泄漏一定时间后扩散将达到稳定,室内H2浓度将不再变化;根据室内H2浓度分布规律,得出H2泄漏报警装置应设在泄漏口正对墙壁上,且厂房的排风口应开设在H2钢瓶喷射方向上的屋顶处;结合H2的毒性级别和爆炸极限,划分该厂房为紧急防爆疏散区,必须在泄漏初期进行紧急人员疏散并做好防火防爆措施。研究结果为厂房内H2泄漏事故应急救援、泄漏报警装置及排风口的位置设置提供重要技术支持和理论依据。     

Linking Conservation and Development: An Analysis of Local People’s Attitude Towards Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

Factors influencing local people’s attitudes towards conservation of the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR) are analyzed using an ordered logit model. The results indicate that households living closer to the KTWR are more likely to reveal negative attitude towards conservation. Similarly, respondents from larger households tend to show negative conservation attitude. Educated respondents and farmers are likely to demonstrate a positive conservation attitude. The results consistently show that households with poor socioeconomic status and greater dependence on the KTWR for firewood, fodder, and raw materials are likely to possess a more negative attitude towards conservation. Poor households may not necessarily be less concerned about conservation, although institutional settings and abject poverty near protected areas appear to affect their attitudes. Sustainable management of protected areas and local support for natural resource conservation would require socioeconomic development.     

舰船摇摆对导弹发射出筒姿态的影响

目的确保发射安全性和为外弹道稳健性设计提供准确的初始出筒姿态参数。方法用发射动力学建模与仿真技术来研究舰船摇摆对导弹发射出筒姿态的影响。基于同心筒发射系统的拓扑结构,建立其刚柔耦合多体动力学虚拟样机模型。采用Craig-Bampton模态综合方法构建发射筒和导弹的柔性体模型,采用非线性弹簧阻尼模拟导弹与发射筒之间的接触碰撞,基于发动机试车试验数据,采用AKIMA插值方法构建发动机推力模型,根据舰船运动参数,采用正弦函数模拟舰船的横摇、纵摇和垂荡运动。结果基于建好的模型研究了多种舰船摇摆工况对同心筒发射导弹出筒姿态的影响,获得了相关难于测量的关键设计参数数值。结论合理的滑块间距和海浪等级可确保同心筒发射系统的发射安全。研究结果对同心筒发射系统设计具有重要的工程价值。     

中学生交通安全知识、态度、行为调查分析

为改善中学生交通安全现状,提高中学生交通安全教育水平,进行中学生交通安全知识、态度、行为(简称知信行,KAP)调查研究。对临沂市、滨州市中学生进行问卷调查,了解受调查中学生交通事故历史及交通安全教育接受情况。分析各年级中学生交通安全知信行差异,分析知信行的相关性以及教育对知信行的影响。研究发现:不同地区、年级的中学生在交通安全知信行上存在显著差异;中学生自行车交通出行是交通安全的共同问题;中学生交通行为与交通安全知识相关性强,行为与安全态度相关性弱,为改善中学生交通行为应加强交通安全知识教育;学生交通安全知信行与当前交通安全教育相关性低,教育形式和特点仍较为传统,教育对知信行改善作用有限。因此,在进行交通安全教育时,应考虑中学生中存在的差异,通过初步调查确定重点人群和显著问题进行针对性教育;内容应以安全知识为主,应强调自行车安全知识,形式和特点应适应当代中学生需要。     

Practices,attitudes and motives for domestic waste recycling

SUMMARY

Solid household waste management in Malaysia has reached a critical stage. Increasing population, urbanization and changing patterns of lifestyle have instigated the phenomenon. The 15 000 tonnes of garbage produced daily are thrown into 230 landfills nationwide, where 80% of them have only two years of life span left. Although recycling programmes were launched as early as 1990, only 5% of the wastes are recycled. The purpose of the present research was to ascertain the current management of household solid waste, attitude and motivational factors towards recycling. Data were collected using interview survey on 150 households in an urban residential area. The findings demonstrated that the respondents had very low awareness and knowledge regarding local domestic waste management. Separation of organic and non-organic wastes was rarely practised by 76% of the respondents. Most waste was thrown away, except for newspaper and aluminium cans which were regularly recycled, while furniture, and electrical items were reused by giving away or trading-in. The attitude of the respondents towards recycling was modest. Of the five motivational factors, intrinsic satisfaction and individual commitment were more important reasons for recycling than convenience, economic motivation and societal commitment. The results of the study indicated that, in order to overcome the solid waste crisis, the conscience of the individual needs to be raised through environmental awareness and concern, inculcation of sustainable consumption practices and education on waste management.     

楼梯间障碍物对安全疏散的影响研究

楼梯间存放的障碍物与人员安全疏散密切相关,利用仿真软件Pathfinder进行疏散模拟,研究楼梯间障碍物对疏散总时间和各出口流量的影响,以及人员路径选择的变化。结果表明,障碍物的存在对安全疏散产生较大的消极影响,使存在障碍物的楼梯间人流量减小,疏散时间延长;影响人员对疏散路径的选择,使其他楼梯间疏散人数增加和疏散时间延长;障碍物位置处易形成疏散瓶颈,造成严重拥堵。     

THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY1

ABSTRACT: The psychosocial impact of a large water impoundment project upon members of a small farming community located within central Ohio was evaluated using a study-restudy research design. Attitudes toward selected community variables were examined during the initial stages of land acquisition and reevaluated four years later at the completion of the project. The findings revealed that fragmentation of the “social fabric” of the community did not occur. Several statistically significant differences were observed between the two data sets but the findings indicated that community residents held more positive attitudes toward their community following the development action than at the beginning of the project.     

厨余垃圾堆肥蓬松剂技术研究

为解决厨余垃圾好氧堆肥过程中含水率高、有机物含量大等问题，分别添加锯末、树叶、秸杆和干马粪为蓬松剂进行厨余堆肥技术研究。采用翻转式堆肥设备，利用出口气体检测仪、温度计及扫描电镜，研究添加蓬松剂堆肥过程中耗氧速率，温度，出口CO2、H2S、O2浓度，堆料结构及微生物群落变化。试验结果表明，添加蓬松剂堆肥，堆料所能达到的高温及其停留时间、好氧速率、产CO2气体能力均明显优于对照组，并能很好地控制出口H2S气体浓度。特别是以干马粪和锯末作为蓬松剂，可明显改善堆料孔隙率，吸收多余水分，加速氧和有机物的传输速率，改善好氧堆肥微环境。因此，厨余垃圾堆肥过程中加入干马粪、锯末等蓬松剂是保证堆肥顺利进行、提高堆肥效率的有效方法。