Amenity Values of Public and Private Forests: Examining the Value–Attitude Relationship

Public values toward forests have changed since the late 1980s, from a commodity-oriented perspective toward a more inclusive (commodity and non-commodity) orientation. This study examines the influence of four indicators of population diversity (age, ethnic background, place of residence, and gender) on amenity values of forests, environmental attitudes, and forest value—attitude correspondence. Four values of public and private forests were assessed, wood production (utilitarian value), clean air (a life support value), scenic beauty (an aesthetic value), and heritage (a spiritual value). Environmental attitudes were measured using a modified version of the New Environmental Paradigm scale. Five hundred and forty-eight randomly selected residents of households in 13 states of the Southern United States participated in a telephone interview. Age and ethnic background were found to moderate the value—attitude relationship, with the strength of the association being dependent upon the type of forest (i.e., public or private) and the forest value (i.e., utilitarian, life support, spiritual, and aesthetic). Females, younger persons (less than 43 years old), and whites reported lower utilitarian values of forests than their respective counterparts. Results are interpreted within the context of an emerging post-material society, in which a biocentric orientation to forests and the natural environment may be favored more by a younger (versus older) generation and increasingly racially diverse U.S. population. Implications for managing forests using a multiple-values (versus multiple-uses) approach are discussed.     

Mobile phone use while driving: Development and validation of knowledge,attitude, and practice survey instruments

Introduction: Instruments that assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of mobile phone use serve as a primary assessment tool on which mobile phone distracted driving interventions can be designed. The objective of this study is to develop and validate KAP-modeled survey instruments that measure the knowledge of mobile phone hazards while driving (KMPHD), the attitude of drivers towards mobile phone use while driving (AMPUD), and the practice of mobile phone use while driving (PMPUD). Method: This study was a cross-sectional analytical survey conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three instruments were designed to measure KMPHD, AMPUD, and PMPUD. Content validity, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis were conducted, and items were excluded based on the collective results of the analysis. The domains of the constructs and the reliability of the instruments are reported. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the regression weights of each item and the model fit. Results: From an original list of 13, 12, and 10 items in the KMPHD, AMPUD, and PMPUD instruments, a final list of 7, 5, and 7 items were generated in each survey instrument, respectively. Two domains of the knowledge of hazards and practice of mobile phone use were obtained, and attitude to phone use while driving was a single domain. The reliabilities (Cronbach alpha) of the KMPHD (0.881), AMPUD (0.954), and PMPUD (0.920) were sufficiently high. Also, all items in the three instruments had moderate-to-high regression coefficients, and the model fits of the instruments were good. Conclusions: This study provides KAP-modeled survey instruments that can be used to assess a population-based knowledge, attitude, and practice of mobile phone use while driving. Practical Applications: This survey instrument can be used in assessing baseline knowledge, attitude, and practice of phone use while driving and determine the focus and effectiveness of mobile phone-induced distracted driving interventions.     

大连港3号排污口对海水的油污染及其扩散分析

本文通过１年的监测数据，初步分析季大连港３号排污口对附近海水的油污染状况，海水的油浓度与油类排放量的关系，以及油污染物迁移扩散的规律。     

ArcGIS Engine支持下的排污口管理与水质预测信息系统的实现

从区域水环境管理的要求出发，对利用ArcGIS Engine开发的排污口管理与水质预测信息系统的开发过程进行介绍。简要介绍了该系统的目标、组成和主要功能，并从数据库建立、数据管理子系统、排污口管理子系统、水质预测子系统功能实现等方面对系统实现做了较为详细的阐述。     

影响尾矿坝渗流场的因素分析

在将尾矿坝剖面概化为一基本剖面的基础上 ,探讨了坝体内各层渗透系数之比、尾矿堆坝干滩长度、尾矿堆坝上游坡度、下游坡度、出口附近渗透系数降低等因素对尾矿坝浸润线的特殊影响 ,提出尾矿坝前期设计中应综合考虑能够降低浸润线的各因素 ,以设计出更合适的坝型、排渗设施及其合理尺寸。笔者对影响尾矿坝渗流场的因素分析和研究的结果可为尾矿坝设计、施工及尾矿坝的管理提供参考。     

和布克赛尔县水环境现状及治理对策分析

水环境质量直接关系到人民群众的健康与经济发展及社会稳定的大局。利用水质监测数据,采用国家有关标准,对和布克赛尔县水资源和开发利用现状及水环境质量进行了现状分析评价。选择县城工业和生活污水排污口、和什托洛盖镇生活污水排污口及和什托洛盖镇水泥厂排污口为研究对象,各排污口年污水排污量计算以日排污量乘以年排污天数;废污水中某污染物年排放量计算以排污口监测废污水中某污染物的排放量乘以一年的排放天数。根据分析计算数据,采用污染物排放折存量排序法、污染物超标排序法对各个排污口排污等现状和主要污染物概况进行了评价,提出了相应的保护措施和建议,为区域水资源的合理开发利用及水环境保护提供基本的参考依据。     

直筒型导叶直流式三相旋流器排气管上部内流场的实验研究

使用五孔球探针对一种用于分离锅炉净化烟气中含尘液滴的直筒型导叶直流式三相旋流器排气管上部的气相流场进行了实验测定。得到了这一区域的速度和静压分布。发现了排气管上部筒体中心存在强烈的内旋流;外层气体不断汇入内旋流,内旋流呈轴向加速运动;绝大部分气体不经过排气管外环形空间下行直接由排气管排出。主体段切向速度为Rankine组合涡。     

出水口位置对垂直潜流人工湿地净化的影响

研究出水口位置对垂直潜流人工湿地净化的影响。垂直潜流人工湿地以间歇进水方式运行,进水水力负荷为0.125m3/(m2.d),进水来自南宁市琅东污水处理厂初沉池出水。研究结果表明,出水口位置对垂直潜流人工湿地净化有显著影响。与底部出水相比,中部出水的TN、SS和COD去除率分别提高了8.01%、8.48%、7.99%,出水NO-3-N质量浓度降低了9.38 mg/L;但NH+4-N去除率则降低了26.25%,TP去除率降低了21.21%。     

电控技术提高电除尘效率的改造应用

以华能巢湖电厂2#机组电除尘器的成功应用实例,说明在电除尘器本体不改变的情况下,通过电除尘工况分析的技术手段,以及电控系统改造及除尘技术的综合应用,可达到大幅度提高电除尘器效率的良好效果。     

企业风险管理决策准则研究

分析了影响企业风险管理决策的主要因素,如生存风险度、决策者的风险态度、决策方案的风险度及期望值,进而研究了如何将这些因素有机结合起来作为风险管理决策的准则,得出了进行风险管理决策时应依次将生存风险度、决策者的风险态度、决策方案的风险度及期望值作为决策依据的论断.最后,举例说明了具体的企业风险管理决策过程.