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91.
Public values toward forests have changed since the late 1980s, from a commodity-oriented perspective toward a more inclusive
(commodity and non-commodity) orientation. This study examines the influence of four indicators of population diversity (age,
ethnic background, place of residence, and gender) on amenity values of forests, environmental attitudes, and forest value—attitude
correspondence. Four values of public and private forests were assessed, wood production (utilitarian value), clean air (a
life support value), scenic beauty (an aesthetic value), and heritage (a spiritual value). Environmental attitudes were measured
using a modified version of the New Environmental Paradigm scale. Five hundred and forty-eight randomly selected residents
of households in 13 states of the Southern United States participated in a telephone interview. Age and ethnic background
were found to moderate the value—attitude relationship, with the strength of the association being dependent upon the type
of forest (i.e., public or private) and the forest value (i.e., utilitarian, life support, spiritual, and aesthetic). Females,
younger persons (less than 43 years old), and whites reported lower utilitarian values of forests than their respective counterparts.
Results are interpreted within the context of an emerging post-material society, in which a biocentric orientation to forests
and the natural environment may be favored more by a younger (versus older) generation and increasingly racially diverse U.S.
population. Implications for managing forests using a multiple-values (versus multiple-uses) approach are discussed. 相似文献
92.
Introduction: Instruments that assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of mobile phone use serve as a primary assessment tool on which mobile phone distracted driving interventions can be designed. The objective of this study is to develop and validate KAP-modeled survey instruments that measure the knowledge of mobile phone hazards while driving (KMPHD), the attitude of drivers towards mobile phone use while driving (AMPUD), and the practice of mobile phone use while driving (PMPUD). Method: This study was a cross-sectional analytical survey conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three instruments were designed to measure KMPHD, AMPUD, and PMPUD. Content validity, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis were conducted, and items were excluded based on the collective results of the analysis. The domains of the constructs and the reliability of the instruments are reported. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the regression weights of each item and the model fit. Results: From an original list of 13, 12, and 10 items in the KMPHD, AMPUD, and PMPUD instruments, a final list of 7, 5, and 7 items were generated in each survey instrument, respectively. Two domains of the knowledge of hazards and practice of mobile phone use were obtained, and attitude to phone use while driving was a single domain. The reliabilities (Cronbach alpha) of the KMPHD (0.881), AMPUD (0.954), and PMPUD (0.920) were sufficiently high. Also, all items in the three instruments had moderate-to-high regression coefficients, and the model fits of the instruments were good. Conclusions: This study provides KAP-modeled survey instruments that can be used to assess a population-based knowledge, attitude, and practice of mobile phone use while driving. Practical Applications: This survey instrument can be used in assessing baseline knowledge, attitude, and practice of phone use while driving and determine the focus and effectiveness of mobile phone-induced distracted driving interventions. 相似文献
93.
大连港3号排污口对海水的油污染及其扩散分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过1年的监测数据,初步分析季大连港3号排污口对附近海水的油污染状况,海水的油浓度与油类排放量的关系,以及油污染物迁移扩散的规律。 相似文献
94.
95.
影响尾矿坝渗流场的因素分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在将尾矿坝剖面概化为一基本剖面的基础上 ,探讨了坝体内各层渗透系数之比、尾矿堆坝干滩长度、尾矿堆坝上游坡度、下游坡度、出口附近渗透系数降低等因素对尾矿坝浸润线的特殊影响 ,提出尾矿坝前期设计中应综合考虑能够降低浸润线的各因素 ,以设计出更合适的坝型、排渗设施及其合理尺寸。笔者对影响尾矿坝渗流场的因素分析和研究的结果可为尾矿坝设计、施工及尾矿坝的管理提供参考。 相似文献
96.
和布克赛尔县水环境现状及治理对策分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水环境质量直接关系到人民群众的健康与经济发展及社会稳定的大局。利用水质监测数据,采用国家有关标准,对和布克赛尔县水资源和开发利用现状及水环境质量进行了现状分析评价。选择县城工业和生活污水排污口、和什托洛盖镇生活污水排污口及和什托洛盖镇水泥厂排污口为研究对象,各排污口年污水排污量计算以日排污量乘以年排污天数;废污水中某污染物年排放量计算以排污口监测废污水中某污染物的排放量乘以一年的排放天数。根据分析计算数据,采用污染物排放折存量排序法、污染物超标排序法对各个排污口排污等现状和主要污染物概况进行了评价,提出了相应的保护措施和建议,为区域水资源的合理开发利用及水环境保护提供基本的参考依据。 相似文献
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以华能巢湖电厂2#机组电除尘器的成功应用实例,说明在电除尘器本体不改变的情况下,通过电除尘工况分析的技术手段,以及电控系统改造及除尘技术的综合应用,可达到大幅度提高电除尘器效率的良好效果。 相似文献
100.
分析了影响企业风险管理决策的主要因素,如生存风险度、决策者的风险态度、决策方案的风险度及期望值,进而研究了如何将这些因素有机结合起来作为风险管理决策的准则,得出了进行风险管理决策时应依次将生存风险度、决策者的风险态度、决策方案的风险度及期望值作为决策依据的论断.最后,举例说明了具体的企业风险管理决策过程. 相似文献