Stability of soil organic carbon changes in successive rotations of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook） plantations

The importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) under forests in the global carbon cycle depends on the stability of the soil carbon and its availability to soil microbial biomass. We investigated the e ects of successive rotations of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) plantations on the stability of SOC and its availability to microbes by adopting the two-step hydrolysis with H2SO4 and density fractionation. The results showed that successive rotations of Chinese fir decreased the quantity of total SOC, recalcitrant fraction, and carbohydrates in Labile Pool I (LP I), and microbial properties evidently, especially at 0–10 cm horizon. However, cellulose included in Labile Pool II (LP II) and the cellulose/total carbohydrates ratio increased in successive rotations of Chinese fir. The noncellulose of carbohydrates included in LP I maybe highly available to soil microbial biomass. Hence the availability of SOC to microbial biomass declined over the successive rotations. Although there was no significant change in recalcitrance of SOC over the successive rotations of Chinese fir, the percentage of heavy fraction to total SOC increased, suggesting that the degree of physical protection for SOC increased and SOC became more stable over the successive rotations. The degradation of SOC quality in successive rotation soils may be attributed to worse environmental conditions resulted from disturbance that related to “slash and burn” site preparation. Being highly correlated with soil microbial properties, the cellulose/total carbohydrates ratio as an e ective indicator of changes in availability of SOC to microbial biomass brought by management practices in forest soils.     

Fractal analysis of polyferric chloride-humic acid （PFC-HA） flocs in different topological spaces

The fractal dimensions in different topological spaces of polyferric chloride-humic acid (PFC-HA) flocs, formed in flocculating different kinds of humic acids (HA) water with different initial pH (9.00, 7.00, 5.00) and PFC dosages, were calculated by effective density-maximum diameter, image analysis, and N2 absorption-desorption methods, respectively. The mass fractal dimensions (Df) of PFC-HA flocs, being more than 2.0, calculated by bi-logarithm relation of effective density-maximum diameter and Logan empirical formula at initial pH of 7.00 had 11-13 percentage greater than those at pH 9.00 and 5.00, indicating the most compact flocs formed in flocculated HA water at initial pH of 7.00. The image analysis for those flocs indicates that after flocculating the HA water at initial pH greater than 7.00 with PFC flocculant, the fractal dimensions of D2 (logA vs. logdL) and D3 (logVsphere vs. logdL) of PFC-HA flocs decreased with the increase of PFC dosages, and PFC-HA flocs showed a gradually looser structure. At the optimum dosage of PFC, the D2 (logA vs. logdL) values of the flocs show 14%--43% difference with their corresponding Df, and they even had different tendency as the change of initial pH values. However, the D2 values of the flocs formed at three different initial pH in HA solution, calculated from the horizontal projected images with magnification about 9, had a same tendency with the corresponding Df. Based on fractal Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) adsorption and desorption equations, the pore surface fractal dimensions (Ds) for dried powders of PFC-HA flocs formed in HA water with initial pH 9.00 and 7.00 were all close to 2.9421, and the Ds values of flocs formed at initial pH 5.00 were less than 2.3746. It indicated that the pore surface fractal dimensions of PFC-HA flocs dried powder mainly show the irregularity from the mesopore-size distribution and some marcopore-size distribution.     

单室型微生物燃料电池处理黄姜废水的性能研究

以黄姜废水为底物,采用单室型微生物燃料电池,验证了MFC处理黄姜废水的可行性,研究了进水COD和SO42-浓度对产电性能的影响.控制电导率和COD等条件一致,黄姜废水最大功率密度为葡萄糖配水的80.3%.低COD浓度条件下MFC产电稳定,功率密度随COD浓度上升而提高,最高为322 mW/m2;当COD提高至2766 mg/L以上时,MFC稳定产电的时长缩短且更新基质后无法恢复最佳产电水平,表明过高的COD负荷会抑制产电微生物活性.COD最终去除率在68.2%~84.8%之间,且随着初始浓度的提高去除率有所下降.进水SO42-浓度的提高使MFC输出功率密度增大,但当SO42-浓度>7 716 mg/L(电导率>8.19 mS/cm)时,继续提高SO42-浓度无法使功率密度增大.与沉淀SO42-后的废水比较,含硫原水的最大功率密度平均下降14.5%,其库仑效率也随SO42-浓度提高明显下降,表明存在SO42-作为电子受体被还原,降低了MFC的效率.     

沉淀池的数值模拟

运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT模拟了平流式沉淀池在不同进水口高度,进水挡板位置,颗粒密度和圆弧形扰流板位置下的流场、悬浮物的浓度场。从模拟结果的分析比较可以看出,在一定范围内改变沉淀池的进水口高度,对沉淀池的去除效果没有影响。挡板的淹没深度和颗粒的密度则对悬浮物的去除效率影响较大。挡板的水平位置只在一定范围内变化才能使沉淀池保持较为理想的去除效率。圆弧形扰流板的加设可以改变沉淀池内流态不均的现象,从而提高沉淀池的运行效率。     

辽东湾北部海域大型底栖动物研究:Ⅰ.种类组成与数量分布

于2007年7月下旬在辽东湾进行了29个站位的大型底栖动物调查,共发现大型底栖生物79种;其中包括多毛类18科24种,甲壳动物15科19种,软体动物13科24种,棘皮动物4科6种,其他类群5种.整个调查区内大型底栖动物的优势现象不明显,优势度指数大于1%的物种仅有5种,分别为光滑河篮蛤、日本倍棘蛇尾、日本浪漂水虱、纽虫和西格织纹螺.调查区内底栖动物种类数、栖息密度以及生物量的高值区与低值区呈斑块状互相嵌套.大型底柄动物的平均栖息密度为68.28 m-2,平均生物量为22.75 g/m2;其中软体动物的平均栖息密度为30.52 m-2,生物量为6.92 g/m2;多毛类的平均栖息密度为14.48m-2,生物量为4.15g/m2;甲壳类的平均栖息密度为12.76 m-2,生物量为1.86g/m2;棘皮动物平均栖息密度为6.38 m-2,生物量为8.64 g/m2.1959年渤海各分区大型底栖动物的平均牛物量为10.29～12.83 g/m2.与其相比,除莱州湾外,目前各分区的平均生物量(16.45～22.75 g/m2)均显著升高,变化幅度有所增大.     

电絮凝-微滤技术应用于给水处理的实验研究

利用电絮凝-微滤法进行了给水处理的实验研究,探讨了电流密度、电解时间和pH值等因素,对源水中的TOC、氨氮、油类的去除的影响。结果表明,增大电流密度有利于上述污染物的去除,TOC和氨氮的去除率随pH升高而增加,pH变化对油类的去除率影响较小。     

雨水调蓄池与苏州河市政泵站排江污染削减分析

雨天苏州河延岸市政泵站的排江污染是造成苏州河水质不稳定的原因之一,在兼顾防汛与截污的基础上,对延岸大泵站建设雨水调蓄池是削减苏州河排江污染负荷的重要工程,通过对成都路调蓄池试运行研究,估算每年可削减成都路泵站排江量50%以上,削减CODcr 11.53吨、SS 4.76吨。     

SCR脱硝系统中液氨环境风险性评价

从危害度和危险度两个方面对脱硝系统中的液氨环境风险事故进行分析,并提出风险防范措施和应急预案,为同类项目的液氨环境风险评价提供参考。     

微生物燃料电池中底物的研究进展

微生物燃料电池是一种利用可溶性有机废物和可再生生物质等原料萃取电能的装置,而底物作为能量转化的能源物质,是影响 微生物燃料电池产电能力的重要因素之一.能够充当底物的有机质种类十分丰富,如多种低浓度有机废水和纤维素等,底物的种类不同,电池的产电能力也会存在差异.因此,有必要对这一系统中底物对电池产电性能及其他方面的影响进...     

镇江市合流制管网溢流污染源解析

为了解合流制管网溢流污染特征,在镇江黎明河溢流口采集水样进行水质检测,并对检测结果变化规律与相关性进行分析.结果表明:随降雨历时,SS的浓度变化范围为112～286 mg/L与1430～4320 mg/L,COD的浓度变化范围为61～121 mg/L与178～728 mg/L,且均会出现初期冲刷现象;二者的线性相关系数...