Biomass production and carbon sequestration potential in poplar plantations with different management patterns

Biomass production and carbon storage in short-rotation poplar plantations over 10 years were evaluated at the Hanyuan Forestry Farm, Baoying County, China. Experimental treatments applied in a split-plot design included four planting densities (1111, 833, 625 and 500 stems ha(-1)) and three poplar clones (NL-80351, I-69 and I-72). Based on the model of total biomass production developed, total plantation biomass production was significantly different in the plantations. The ranking of the plantation biomass production by planting density was 1111>833 more more than 625>500 stems ha(-1), and by components was stem>root>or=branch>leaf for all plantations. At 10 years, the highest total biomass in the plantation of 1111 stems ha(-1) reached about 146 t ha(-1), which was 5.3%, 11.6% and 24.2% higher than the plantations of 833, 625 and 500 stems ha(-1), respectively. The annual increment of biomass production over 10 years differed significantly among initial planting densities and stand ages (p<0.01), but no significant difference was observed from age 7 to 10. Mean carbon concentration among all biomass components ranged from 42-50%, with the highest carbon concentrations in stems and the lowest in leaves. Over the study period, the dynamic pattern of total plantation carbon storage by planting density was similar to that of total biomass production. At age 10, the highest total plantation carbon storage in the plantation of 1111 stems ha(-1) reached about 72.0 t ha(-1), which was 5.4%, 11.9% and 24.8% higher than in the plantations of 833, 625 and 500 stems ha(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage increment over 10 years differed significantly among initial planting densities and stand ages (p<0.01), and it showed a pattern similar to the annual biomass production increment of the plantations. The results suggest that biomass production and carbon storage potential were highest for planting densities of 1111 and 833 stems ha(-1) grown over 5- and 6-year cutting cycles, respectively. If 3- or 4-year cutting cycles are used, the planting density should be higher than 1111 stems ha(-1) (e.g., 1667 or 2500 stems ha(-1)). Based on the mean annual carbon storage for the plantation of 625 stems ha(-1), as an estimation, the mean carbon storage in the biomass of poplar plantations (excluding leaves) amounts to 3.75x10(7) t ha(-1)yr(-1) in China.     

纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器除尘性能研究

常规电除尘器体积大,成本高,限制了其应用.本文提出了一种新型电除尘器--纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器.通试验,比较了纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器和常规电除尘器的一些影响因素,即极板电流密度的大小和均匀性,流场分布均匀性,不同电压和不同电场风速下的除尘效率等.试验结果表明,在相同条件下,纵横复合收尘极板电除尘器的极板电流密度及流场分布更均匀,除尘效率明显高于常规电除尘器.本研究对减小电除尘器体积、降低电除尘器成本和推进电除尘技术的发展有较大的现实意义.     

对喷流除尘技术在收集硫酸铵和硝酸铵粉尘中的应用研究

对喷流除尘技术利用粉尘颗粒在撞击区内来回振荡、相互碰撞并团聚的机理进行除尘.实验采用水平式对喷流除尘系统收集硫酸铵和硝酸铵的混合物粉尘,主要考察喷嘴气流速度、含尘浓度和喷雾化水润湿含尘气流对除尘效率的影响,并进行机理分析.实验表明,除尘效率随喷嘴风速的增大而升高,但喷嘴风速超过25～27 m/s后,反而下降;除尘效率随含尘浓度的增加而升高,但含尘浓度超过0 45～0.55 kg/m3后反而有所降低;喷雾化润湿含尘气流能显著提高除尘效率,最优耗水量为0.18～0.22 kg/kg粉尘,超过该值后无显著变化.实验确定的最优除尘条件为:喷嘴速度25～27 m/s、含尘浓度0.45～0.55 kg/m3、耗水量0.18～0 22 kg/kg粉尘,除尘效率最高可达96.8%.     

自动消防水炮的喷水强度分布特性及其控火性能研究

喷水强度是决定自动喷水灭火系统性能的重要参数.自动消防水炮在火灾早期可以快速响应,探测火源位置并自动喷水扑灭火灾.但如果由于某些因素不能及时响应,控制火灾的发展就是该系统的主要目标.传统的自动消防水炮研究只考虑射程和流量,没有考虑喷水的强度分布特性.本文将喷水强度引入自动消防水炮的控火性能研究,通过实验研究其在不同射程处的喷水强度分布特性,并参照不同危险等级的场所控制火灾所需的喷水强度参数来推算其有效保护区域和可控制的最大火源功率.研究结果表明:自动消防水炮在有效射程内,不同射程点的喷水强度、有效保护面积有所不同,喷水强度分布具有不均匀性.自动消防水炮应在火灾发展到最大有效保护面积之前自动或手动启动,才能达到有效控制火灾的目的.对于本文研究的某特定类型水炮,在20m至40m的射程范围内,应用于不同火灾危险等级场所,最大有效保护区域面积和可控制的最大火源功率均随射程增加而增加;而在40m至50m的射程范围内,应用于轻危险等级场所,最大有效保护区域面积随射程增加而增加,而其它危险等级场所的最大有效保护区域面积随射程增加而降低.     

染色法——一种改进的丛枝菌根孢子密度快速测定方法

菌根是目前应用于煤矿区生态治理的一种新技术,菌根孢子密度是衡量菌根生态适应性的标准之一。采用改进的曲利本兰染色方法,对孢子密度测定方法作了改进,以提高测定的精度和速度。结果表明：经染色后的基质中孢子及其菌丝呈紫色,在双目显微镜下观测孢子的数量和形态很容易识别,计数的精度和速度明显提高,降低了孢子密度测定过程中的人为误差。为检验菌根技术在野外大规模的生态应用效果提供了一种快速测定方法。     

大型溞-沉水植物组合系统去除北京沙河水库水与底泥污染物效果研究

针对北京市沙河水库目前水体自净能力弱、水质较差等问题,研究以大型搔-沉水植物组合系统为核心的库区水体与底泥净化方法.通过前期投放大型溞提高水体透明度为沉水植物生长提供先决条件,然后利用3种沉水植物(即金鱼藻、狐尾藻和黑藻＝1:1:1)去除湖库污染水体中污染物,本文重点考察在不同种植密度下组合系统对沙河水库水体、底泥污染...