城市化背景下中国水电移民安置的政策选择——以龙滩水库为例

中国水电发展深受城市化的影响,因此水电移民问题应该放在城市化的大背景下来审视和解决,将沿海发达地区和主要大城市作为水电移民永久安置的主体之一。无论从水电移民产生地的生态条件和经济社会发展水平（即“推”的方面）,还是沿海城市对劳动力的需要（即“拉”的方面）,都存在着将水电移民彻底城市化安置的必要条件。通过龙滩水库的实例,给出一个政策组合和一个极端状态下的财务估算,说明移民问题彻底城市化解决的充分条件也是成立的,并在此基础上进一步讨论了非农安置的方式、户口准入、移民就业培训和多次安置选择等问题。     

海外油气业务HSSE绩效考核体系建设与实践

为提升HSSE(健康、安全、安保、环境)绩效管理水平,中国石油海外勘探开发公司在海外油气业务建设并推进HSSE绩效考核体系。结合海外实际情况,配套制定一系列制度,并就四类指标进行考核,即杜绝性指标、控制性指标、管理性指标和过程性指标。经过与国际油气生产商(OGP)就亿工时死亡率、损工伤害率、总可记录伤害率对标比较,中国石油海外油气业务HSSE绩效达到国际同行先进水平。海外油气业务推行HSSE绩效考核体系能够有效维持安全环保及社会安全业绩稳定,能够有效保障海外油气项目平稳安全运行。     

生命线工程综合防灾规划决策方法研究与应用

在对生命线工程综合防灾规划编制的技术路线进行分析的基础上,引入了综合灾害指数的概念,提出了一种城市生命线工程综合防灾规划的决策方法,该方法利用综合灾害指数的计算来获得综合防灾规划的决策依据。在综合灾害指数的计算过程中,以给水工程综合防灾为例,采用层次分析法,得到10种灾害最终的评价权重;以地震灾害影响因素识别和地震灾害风险指标的计算为例给出潜在灾害的风险指标计算。最终以综合灾害指数为重要衡量标准,并结合生命线工程功能上的布局要求和系统的整体性要求来进行生命线工程的综合防灾规划。本方法在烟台市开发区生命线工程综合防灾规划中得到了实际应用,以期为我国其他城市的生命线工程综合防灾规划的编制提供借鉴。     

长江三峡库区移民道路工程地质环境质量损益经济评价研究

工程地质环境质量损益经济评价,是环境经济学的分支——地质环境经济学的重要组成部分,其核心是将工程与地质环境间相互关系的地学信息转换为易于政府决策部门使用的经济信息,以保证实现人类工程活动与地质环境保护相统一。三峡库区地质环境条件相对恶劣,对道路工程建设不利。因此,移民道路工程能否合理利用和保护地质环境将直接关系到移民道路地质环境质量损益经济评价的提标体系、评价模型等,丰富了地质环境经济学理论。评价结果,阐明了移民道路工程合理开发利用和保护库区地质环境的途径,对库区正在进行的移民活动,具有现实的指导意义。     

开发建设项目生态环境影响评价原则─生态环境功能保护论

地球各类生态系统是人类可持续生存与发展所依赖的环境,即生态环境,从可持续发展战略出发,在开发建设项目的环境影响评价中应注重生态环境影响评价。本文提出,生态环境影响评价应从保持生态系统的环境功能着眼,评价生态功能所受的寻求功能补偿的措施。文中列出１２项以上的生态环境功能和建议进行的价值计量方法。同时指出,进行生态环境功能影响评价必须树立三种观念;（１）区别于传统经济观念的生态资源价值观,并从土地利用     

境外高风险地区项目安保管理研究

介绍了我国企业近来境外项目突发事件状况,发现恐怖袭击、社会治安等原因是境外企业突发事件发生的主要原因;分析了境外高风险地区项目的风险特点,阐明了加强安保管理的必要性。在此基础上,提出了境外高风险地区项目安保管理方案,包括安保评估、安保体系建设、安保设施建设、安保培训、信息搜集与预警、营地与人员出行安保以及应急准备与响应。最后,通过某中东油气生产项目分析了该安保管理方案的可行性和适用性。     

Social development benefits of hydroelectricity CDM projects in Brazil

In recent years, the concept of sustainable development (SD) has become increasingly recognized and important. Within organizations, SD is often portrayed as a balancing act and requires a combination of three elements to be considered: economy, environment, and society. Traditionally, organizational management research has been focused on economical and environmental fronts. However, social aspects are also important for organizations, especially those in emerging and developing countries. The goal of this article is to investigate the potential of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects to deliver social benefits in Brazil’s hydroelectricity sector. The investigation involved the assessment of 46 registered hydro CDM projects under the Kyoto Protocol in terms of their potential impact on the envisaged social development goals. Two case studies were also examined. Results indicate that organizations managing hydroelectric initiatives in Brazil can provide the pathway toward achieving a number of important social benefits. Successful projects were found to have good community involvement and were managed by both cooperative ventures and money-making corporations. The research also identified several challenges that are hindering hydro CDM projects from delivering more social benefits and enabled a number of recommendations to be extracted for the organizations facing these challenges.     

Exploring relationships between conservation and poverty reduction in wetland ecosystems: lessons from 10 integrated wetland conservation and poverty reduction initiatives

It is well known that whilst wetlands deliver a wide range of services vital for human well-being, they are being rapidly degraded and lost. Losses tend to be higher where human populations are increasing most and demands for economic development are greatest. Multidisciplinary management approaches that integrate conservation and development objectives in wetlands are therefore urgently requested for by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. This paper describes the evaluation of 10 wetland management case studies from Asia, Africa and South America that adopted such an integrated approach. The evaluation assessed the outcomes of these integrated initiatives to identify conditions and processes for linking conservation and poverty reduction objectives in wetlands. The findings are also compared with other assessments of integrated approaches, particularly in terms of their effectiveness in optimizing conservation and poverty reduction outcomes. The results from our studies suggest an ongoing evolution of such integrated interventions, which also implies cycles of learning from past mistakes. Overall, our results highlight the significant variation between wetlands in types and quantities of services they provide and emphasize the need to view many ecological issues as social challenges for equitable solutions to both wetlands and people. The analysis further shows that the positive on-ground results owe much to the interdisciplinary problem analysis, whereby interventions can move from treating symptoms to addressing root causes. while no blueprint emerged on how to successfully integrate conservation and poverty reduction in wetlands, important lessons for future interventions were drawn.     

Mapping the economic costs and benefits of Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) and Mangrove Rehabilitation Projects (MRP) in Solomon Islands: a study of two MPAs and one MRP

This paper reports a study of costs and benefits of Coral Triangle Initiatives (CTI) and Mangrove Rehabilitation Projects (MRP) in the Solomon Islands. It was observed that the communities have different attitudes and perceptions toward climate change challenges. The different scales and magnitudes of climate change impacts that are perceived at these sites, and the different subsistence realities make them have varied responses and points of view regarding such impacts. For instance, respondents from Oibola experienced the most adverse impacts from climatic change events compared to those living in the Naro and Sairaghi sites. Introduction of CTI and MRP has driven the villagers to travel out far from their traditional fishing grounds to catch enough fish to sell and support their families. This implies higher fishing costs and time for commute. From a social perspective, this weakens the communal bond in the community. In spite of these trade-offs, the respondents expressed satisfaction with the level of benefits received from the projects, which included the rehabilitation of the ecosystems and breeding grounds for fish and habitats around the area. We mapped the costs and benefits of these projects to the villagers, and although no amounts or figures were disclosed, the benefits are compared against corresponding costs. One key factor for the success of the initiatives was the cooperation and involvement of recipient villagers, and even including the management MPAs.     

Waste management project's alternatives: A risk-based multi-criteria assessment (RBMCA) approach

This paper examines the evaluation of a waste management project’s alternatives through a quantitative risk analysis. Cost benefit analysis is a widely used method, in which the investments are mainly assessed through the calculation of their evaluation indicators, namely benefit/cost (B/C) ratios, as well as the quantification of their financial, technical, environmental and social risks. Herein, a novel approach in the form of risk-based multi-criteria assessment (RBMCA) is introduced, which can be used by decision makers, in order to select the optimum alternative of a waste management project. Specifically, decision makers use multiple criteria, which are based on the cumulative probability distribution functions of the alternatives’ B/C ratios. The RBMCA system is used for the evaluation of a waste incineration project’s alternatives, where the correlation between the criteria weight values and the decision makers’ risk preferences is analyzed and useful conclusions are discussed.