液相络合-铁屑还原-酸吸收回收法脱除烟气中的NOx

用"Fe2 螯合剂吸收-铁屑还原-酸吸收"回收法脱除烟气中的NOx,研究了铁屑脱硝过程的影响因素,确定了脱硝过程的合适工艺条件,并对络合脱硝溶液的再生和循环利用进行了研究.结果表明:最佳工艺参数为:络合脱硝溶液中Fe2 EDTA浓度20mmol·l-1,pH值6.0,温度65℃;在此条件下,用两个反应器串联,对O2含量为10.5%的模拟烟气可取得90%以上的脱硝效率.     

Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.     

An Analysis of Secondary Pollutants in Buenos Aires City

Air pollutant concentrations from a monitoring campaign in Buenos Aires City, Argentina, are used to investigate the relationships between ambient levels of ozone (O₃), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) as a function of NO _x (=NO + NO₂). This campaign undertaken by the electricity sector was aimed at elucidating the apportionment of thermal power plants to air quality deterioration. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) were also registered. Photo stationary state (PSS) of the NO, NO₂, O₃ and peroxy radicals species has been analysed. The ‘oxidant’ level concept has been introduced, OX (=O₃ + NO₂), which varies with the level of NO _x . It is shown that this level is made up of NO _x -independent and NO _x -dependent contributions. The former is a regional contribution that equates the background O₃ level, whereas the latter is a local contribution that correlates with the level of primary pollution. Furthermore, the anticorrelation between NO₂ and O₃ levels, which is a characteristic of the atmospheric photo stationary cycle has been verified.The analysis of the concentration of the primary pollutants CO and NO strongly suggests that the vehicle traffic is the principal source of them. Levels of continuous measurements of SO₂ for Buenos Aires City are reported in this work as a complement of previously published results.     

Zr—Fe双组分复合除砷吸附剂的优化制备及性能评价

实验发现,铁氧化物或铁的羟基氧化物对As（V）有较好的吸附性能,而锆氧化物或锆水合氧化物则对As（Ⅲ）有优异的吸附选择性,但其使用的pH通常要在〉9的条件下。通过简单的共沉淀法制备了Zr-Fe双组分复合吸附剂,在制备过程中通过优化制备条件如：沉淀剂浓度、金属离子总浓度、金属离子配比、反应温度、反应时间及吸附剂价格等因素,最终合成出了对As（V）和As（Ⅲ）都具有良好吸附能力的吸附剂。这种吸附剂在中性条件下对As（V）和As（Ⅲ）的最大吸附量为62mg／g和118mg／g。     

小型燃油锅炉NOx的排放特征与管理控制

以68台燃油锅炉（≤10～MW）NOx排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了NOx的排放特征;通过对比分析,探讨了我国燃油锅炉NOx排放控制与管理现状,讨论了进一步加强我国燃油锅炉NOx排放管理控制的可能性与可行性,并提出了相应的管理控制建议。结果表明,NOx平均排放浓度为318．2mg／m^3,基于燃料消耗量的平均排放因子为4．4kg／t,基于燃料发热量的平均排放因子为102．8ng／J,基于燃料氮含量的平均排放因子为2．1mg／mg;建议采取分阶段控制的方式,逐步提高NOx排放限制,从而实现控源减排目标。     

纳米氧化物对钙基材料在高温燃煤中除砷脱硫的促进机理研究

将纳米MgO、Al2O3和ZnO分别添加于CaCO3中制备出钙基纳米氧化物复合吸附剂,进行了燃煤过程中除砷脱硫的实验研究;对燃煤灰渣进行了比表面积及孔隙度分析、X-射线衍射分析和扫描电镜观察,探讨了纳米MgO对CaCO3除砷脱硫的促进机理。结果表明,添加了纳米MgO的复合吸附剂除砷脱硫性能最好,比单一的CaCO3除砷率和脱硫率分别高出了28．73％和37．21％,表现出同时除砷脱硫的良好性能;其促进机理是纳米MgO的加入改变了灰样的微观结构促进了气相间的流动使得灰渣孔隙明显扩大,提高了CaO与As2O3和SO2反应的能力;在除砷的反应中生成了新的物质Ca3Mg2（AsO4）2,在一定程度上抑制了除砷产物的分解。     

硫化法制备废水处理用光催化剂La3NbS2O5

采用高温硫化法制备了具有可见光活性的La3 NbS2 O5光催化剂,运用X射线衍射谱图、扫描电子显微镜照片、比表面积和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对La3 NbS2 O5的结构、物理性质和光吸收性能进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,考察了硫化温度、催化剂加入量和制备方法对亚甲基蓝降解率的影响.实验结果表明,当硫化温度为800...     

Nanocatalyzed biodiesel synthesis from the oily contents of Marine brown alga Dictyota dichotoma

This research article demonstrates biodiesel synthesis through the methanolysis of the oily contents (4.02 ± 0.27% w/w on dried basis) of Dictyota dichotoma collected from the coast of Hawksbay, Pakistan. The metal oxides (CaO, MgO, ZnO, and TiO₂) used as nanocatalysts were refluxed (5% K₂SO₄), calcinated (850 °C) and characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) which produced 93.2% w/w FAME (biodiesel) at relatively mild condition (5% catalyst, 65 °C, 3 h, 18:1 molar ratio) using CaO. Whereas, MgO, ZnO, and TiO₂ produced 92.4%, 72.5%, and 31.8% w/w FAME, respectively at elevated condition (225 °C). Thus, CaO was considered to be the best catalyst among the others. This tri-phase reaction require continuous fast mixing and the yield depends on the reaction parameters like catalyst amount, temperature, reaction time and molar ratio (methanol: oil). The reusability of these heterogeneous catalysts simplified the purification step, reduced the waste generation and make the final product technically and economically viable.     

Air pollutant concentrations near three Texas roadways, part II: Chemical characterization and transformation of pollutants

Spatial gradients of vehicular emitted air pollutants were measured in the vicinity of three roadways in the Austin, Texas area: (1) State Highway 71 (SH-71), a heavily traveled arterial highway dominated by passenger vehicles; (2) Interstate 35 (I-35), a limited access highway north of Austin in Georgetown; and (3) Farm to Market Road 973 (FM-973), a heavily traveled surface roadway with significant truck traffic. A mobile monitoring platform was used to characterize the gradients of CO and NO_x concentrations with increased distance from each roadway, while concentrations of carbonyls in the gas-phase and fine particulate matter mass and composition were measured at stationary sites upwind and at one (I-35 and FM-973) or two (SH-71) downwind sites. Regardless of roadway type or wind direction, concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) returned to background levels within a few hundred meters of the roadway. Under perpendicular wind conditions, CO, NO and NO_x concentrations decreased exponentially with increasing distance perpendicular to the roadways. The decay rate for NO was more than a factor of two greater than for CO, and it comprised a larger fraction of NO_x closer to the roadways than further downwind suggesting the potential significance of near roadway chemical processing as well as atmospheric dilution. Concentrations of most carbonyl species decreased with distance downwind of SH-71. However, concentrations of acetaldehyde and acrolein increased farther downwind of SH-71, suggesting chemical generation from the oxidation of primary vehicular emissions. The behavior of particle-bound organic species was complex and further investigation of the size-segregated chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) at increasing downwind distances from roadways is warranted. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) mass concentrations, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations generally exhibited concentrations that decreased with distance downwind of SH-71. Concentrations of organic carbon (OC) increased from upwind concentrations immediately downwind of SH-71 and continued to increase further downwind from the roadway. This behavior may have primarily resulted from condensation of semi-volatile organic species emitted from vehicle sources with transport downwind of the roadway.     

生物法同时脱硫脱硝试验研究

采用轻质陶粒生物滴滤塔处理摸拟燃煤烟气中二氧化硫和氮氧化物的试验研究,探讨生物法同时脱硫脱硝的影响因素及生物降解宏观动力学。研究结果表明,生物法能有效同时去除烟气中的二氧化硫和氮氧化物,烟气同时脱硫脱硝效率分别可达99.9%和88.9%。为获得最佳烟气同时脱硫脱硝效果,二氧化硫和氮氧化物进气负荷应分别＜140 g/（m³·h）和20 g/（m³·h）,循环液pH=7～8,空床停留时间为30.28 s,喷淋密度为8.81 L/（m³·h）。