江苏省能源可持续发展模式初探

针对目前江苏省能源可持续发展面临的挑战,以保障江苏能源综合供需平衡和实现能源 经济 环境协调发展为目标,以调整能源结构、优化能源供给体系、提高能源转化效率和清洁性为立足点,以充分利用省内不同区位的能源发展优势为主线,因地制宜地提炼出江苏省能源可持续发展的基本模式,包括自有资源优化开发模式和外部资源导入开发模式两大类型。其中,自有资源优化开发模式又可分为徐州煤炭工业综合体、苏北石油工业基地和沿海滩涂型可再生能源基地3种子模式;外部资源导入开发模式可分为沿江电力生产基地、苏南电力负荷中心和沿海临港型能源基地3种子模式。各种模式协同发展,有利于增强江苏省的能源可持续发展能力.     

极端干旱水文年(2011年)夏季珠江口溶解氧的分布特征及影响因素研究

气候变化背景下,极端气候事件对河口生态环境的影响已引起许多研究者的关注.基于2011年夏季的调查资料,分析了珠江口在极端干旱情况下溶解氧的分布特征及其与海水稳定性、营养盐和浮游植物分解之间的关系,并对河口底层低氧区的成因进行初步探讨.调查结果发现,在珠江特低径流量的情况下,珠江口邻近海域底层明显出现低氧状态,DO的最低值仅为1.38 mg.L-1.相关性分析显示,表层水和底层水之间的ΔDO与ΔT、ΔS、ΔDIN、ΔSS和ΔPOC都达到显著相关的水平,其中ΔDO与ΔT和ΔPOC呈极显著的正相关,而与ΔS呈极显著的负相关关系.研究表明,与1999年和2009年夏季不同,2011年夏季珠江口底层低氧环境的形成主要与极端干旱气候下低径流导致河口水体滞留时间延长及颗粒态有机物质在沉降过程中的分解耗氧有关.另外,从最低DO值的角度分析,珠江口季节性缺氧程度在过去20 a间并未呈现显著的变化趋势.     

A carbon footprint analysis in the textile supply chain

This research work focuses on the application of life-cycle assessment methodology to determine the carbon footprint of different players involved in a supply chain of the textile sector. A case study of a product by a textile leader company was carried out. This study demonstrates that, in the textile chain, the main contribution to the greenhouse effect is provided by the electrical and thermal energy used and by the transportation (since different production phases are delocalised in a wide range that goes from South Africa, Italy, Romania and all around the world, from the distribution centre to the stores). The Monte Carlo analysis has been used in order to obtain, for each calculated impact, not only the average value but also the distribution curve of the results characterised by uncertainty parameters. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of management choices such as:

??a change in the transportation modality, from aeroplane to boat;

??a combination of road and rail transportation; and

??a selection among suppliers that allows the firm to cut environmental impacts.     

Sustainable outsourcing: a practice survey and research opportunities

This paper addresses the issue of the sustainability imperative and its influence on outsourcing practice. The research initially finds that there is currently little or no work that explores sustainable or green outsourcing, other than in an information technology context. This lack of research on sustainable outsourcing practice in the industrial organisation sector led to the development of this research study. This exploratory study used a qualitative survey tool to investigate current industrial practice. Manufacturing managers in 57 organisations formed the survey sample. The data were analysed by comparison and clustering of responses of survey participants. This study contributes five key findings that demonstrate current industrial practice which includes: 32% of respondents state that sustainability is not a factor in their outsourcing decision making and 65% of small- and medium-sized enterprises had never heard of the ‘triple bottom line’ concept. Future research needs are identified and proposed highlighting that urgent development of research is required in outsourcing performance measurement and also in considering sustainability as a new manufacturing competitive priority.     

Management of two competitive closed-loop supply chains

The two competitive closed-loop supply chains under our study include three members: two manufacturers and one retailer. In this paper, we focus on the management of the wholesale prices, the retail prices and the collecting prices for the two competitive closed-loop supply chains. On the assumption that the return rate of the used-products is an increasing function of the collecting price, we obtain the optimal wholesale prices, the optimal retail prices and the optimal collecting prices based on the following models: Model MMC (two manufacturers for collecting), Model MRC (manufacturer one and retailer for collecting) and Model RRC (retailer for collecting). Furthermore, by comparing the optimal results, we find that the retailer for collecting is the best channel for the two competitive closed-loop supply chains if the two manufacturers would like to transfer all of their cost savings from remanufacturing to the retailer. At the end, we illustrate a numerical example to analyse the impacts of the market share ratio and the substitute ratio of the two products on the optimal results.     

Developing a fuzzy linear programming model for locating recovery facility in a closed loop supply chain

In this research a closed loop supply chain is designed which incorporates reverse logistics and forward logistic system simultaneously. In the design of reverse logistic system, recovery options are embedded in traditional supply chain for treating returned products. The recovery system includes collection centres, remanufacturing plants and disposal centres. Since the product return is supply driven, there is an uncertainty about it. In the proposed configuration for closed loop supply chain, the optimised configuration for supply chain in terms of locating recovery plants is developed. Accordingly, a fuzzy mixed integer linear programming model develops to deal with the uncertainty of returning products by customers. A general-purpose solver (LINGO 8.0) and a Meta heuristic approach (genetics algorithm) are implemented to solve the proposed model. The answers are compared by defining indexes and then the optimal answer, configuration and variables are identified. This solution will suggest a new design of supply chain network in which waste of materials is minimised and the new raw materials are necessary only when the used products may not be recovered by recovery options.     

溶解性有机质对罗红霉素光降解的影响研究

近年来,罗红霉素(ROX)因其用量大、检出频率高和生态风险大引起了广泛关注.本文主要研究了环境pH条件下不同的溶解性有机质(DOM),包括富里酸(PLFA)、腐殖酸(SRHA)和天然有机质(SRNOM)对罗红霉素光降解的影响及主要活性物种对其光降解的贡献.结果表明:纯水中罗红霉素可发生自敏化光降解,在pH 6～8条件下,罗红霉素光降解的一级反应速率常数为0.0033～0.0049 h~(-1).DOM促进了罗红霉素光降解,其促进效果从大到小为PLFASRNOMSRHA.DOM共存时罗红霉素光降解的反应速率常数随pH增加而增加,在pH 6时为0.0145～0.0266 h~(-1),在pH 8时为0.0273～0.0577 h~(-1).通过异丙醇淬灭实验发现,羟基自由基(·OH)对罗红霉素光降解起主要贡献,其贡献率在pH 6时为83.45%～98.70%,在pH 8时降低至76.76%～78.02%;3种DOM体系中产生的单态氧(~1O_2)的稳态浓度在(5.15～7.86)×10~(-14) mol·L~(-1)范围内;在pH 6、7和8的条件下,~1O_2与罗红霉素的二级反应速率常数分别为2.27×10~5、1.96×10~6和1.51×10~7 L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1).~1O_2对罗红霉素的光降解的贡献随pH升高而升高,在pH 6时为0.21%～0.43%,在pH 8时为4.85%～11.33%.     

大坝下游定点区域溶解氧饱和度预测

大坝通过坝身泄流时,巨大的洪水卷吸空气中的大量气体直泻到下游河床,造成下游河道特别是近坝区域气体含量过饱和,给下游水生生物带来不利影响,其中鱼类气泡病就是水体气体过饱和造成的典型病症。为探明大坝泄流对坝下河道溶解氧饱和度的影响,以三峡 葛洲坝区域坝下近坝区定点区域的溶解氧实测资料为基础,建立溶解氧饱和度的BP网络预测模型,对大坝不同运行工况进行下游溶解氧饱和度的预测仿真计算,并将仿真预测值与实测及数值模拟结果进行比较分析。结果得出BP网络模型能很好地逼近坝下近坝区指定区域的溶解氧饱和度,可根据大坝运行工况对下游水体溶解氧饱和度进行快速预测,为有效控制坝下水体溶解氧饱和度提供借鉴     

中国工业化进程与能源矿产供需均衡的研究

工业化与能源需求的均衡关系及解决工业化进程中能源供需失衡的战略途径是中国工业化进程中需要探讨的重大问题.文章运用协整技术,就1990-2008年间中国工业化进程与能源需求协整关系的检验,认为中国工业化与能源需求增长具有长期稳定的均衡关系,能源需求将继续保持增长,能源利用效率也将持续提高.然而工业化进程中重工业化高能耗结构特征与能源低效利用并存的困境以及能源供需矛盾不利于能源供需平衡的平稳发展.我国应适应工业化进程的基本规律,转变能源消费方式;走新型工业化道路,适当限制低附加值产业发展,鼓励产业向离附加值、低能耗、高技术产业转移;在实现能源开发利用技术进步和创新的同时.有效利用国内外能源资源;建立能源应急机制等战略途径来实现工业化进程中能源供需平衡发展.     

O3-H2O2氧化法处理印染废水

采用O₃-H₂O₂氧化法对印染废水进行氧化处理,比较了O₃氧化法和O₃-H₂O₂氧化法对印染废水的处理效果,考察了初始废水pH、H₂O₂加入量、O₃流量和反应时间对废水的色度去除率和COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明：O₃-H₂O₂氧化法对废水的COD和色度的去除效果比O₃氧化法更好;在初始废水pH为11、H₂O₂加入量为13mmol/L、O₃流量为6g/h、反应时间为60min的最佳工艺条件下,处理后废水COD为61.50mg/L,COD去除率为95.73%,废水色度为5倍,色度去除率为99.75%,TOC为37.84mg/L,TOC去除率为85.10%,BOD₅为22.76mg/L,BOD₅去除率为90.20%,BOD₅/COD为0.37。