CODcr 5分钟快速测定法与国家标准方法对比试验

国家标准方法中重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量,准确度高,但操作时间长,试剂使用量大,耗电耗水.采用5分钟快速测定法后能大大缩短测定时间,同时能耗低.通过对比试验表明,5分钟快速测定法具有较好的抗氯性,精密度及准确度均能达到要求,且具有成本低特点,证明了方法的可行性,特别适于污水处理厂等需频繁监测点的快速测试.     

氨基磺酸修正碘量法测定亚硝酸盐存在情况下水中的溶解氧

为了测定较高浓度亚硝酸盐存在时水中的溶解氧 ,提出了氨基磺酸修正碘量法 ,实验结果表明 ,对于清洁水和废水 ,与标准碘量法相比 ,氨基碘酸修正碘量法在亚硝酸盐浓度约为 10mg L、4 0mg L、70mg L情况下测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于 1% ,相对误差均小于 2 % ,表明方法的准确度和精密度可以满足实验室测定DO的要求。本方法测定DO时对亚硝酸盐氮适用的上限为 70mg L。     

浅谈生物化学需氧量质控考核

简要概述了在环境监测质量控制考核中,如何保证生物化学需氧量测定的可靠性和准确性.     

TL-1(A)型污水COD速测仪在萝北企业污水排放监测中的应用

萝北县环境监测站采用TL-1(A)型污水COD速测仪测定企业排放污水中的化学需氧量,此法在强酸性介质中,复合催化剂存在下,恒温消解水样只需10分钟,操作简单,工作效率高,克服了重铬酸钾法耗时长,每次只能同时测定几个样品的缺点.通过与国家规定的标准方法进行对比实验,结果表明,仪器测定的结果与标准法测定的结果具有良好的可比性,COD速测仪在企业污水排放监测中具有实际意义.     

济南市南部山区保泉生态工程建设

通过对济南市南部山区地下水补给区范围的自然,社会,经济状况调查,分析区内水文地质及地下水的运移规律和“三水”转化规律,从生态建设规模,树种选择,投资预算等方面提出保泉的生态工程建议,并科学估算生态工程措施实施后对保泉的贡献。     

珠江广州段化学耗氧量(COD)数值模型

本文提出了珠江广州段COD数值模拟的控制方程、计算格式、方法、步骤和程序,并结合野外实测资料进行了参数校正和验证计算。并根据计算和实测结果对珠江广州段COD污染的时空变化特点进行讨论。本文的主要特点是:(1)考虑了COD模型的各项影响,尤其是感潮河网涨退潮交替的不定常流影响;(2)提出了感潮河网不定常流条件下COD模型数值计算中的叉口处理,即关联任意个河段的叉口处受涨退潮影响的处理方法。     

Assessment of the Sustainability of Bushmeat Hunting Based on Dynamic Bioeconomic Models

Abstract:  Open-access hunting is a dynamic system in which individual hunters respond to changes in system variables such as costs of hunting and prices obtained for their catch. Sustainability indices used by conservationists ignore these human processes and focus only on the biological sustainability of current offtake levels. This focus implicitly assumes that offtake is constant, says little about the actual sustainability of the system, and fails to provide any basis for predicting the impact of most feasible management interventions. A bioeconomic approach overcomes these limitations by explicitly integrating both the biological and human components of the system. We present a graphical representation of a simple bioeconomic model of bushmeat hunting and use it to demonstrate the importance of considering system dynamics when assessing sustainability. Our results show that commonly used static sustainability indices are often misleading. The best method to assess hunting sustainability is situation dependent, but characterizing supply and demand curves, even crudely, has greater potential than current approaches to provide robust predictions in the medium term.     

Phase I of the Kissimmee River restoration project, Florida, USA: Impacts of construction on water quality

Phase I of the Kissimmee River restoration project included backfilling of 12 km of canal and restoring flow through 24 km of continuous river channel. We quantified the effects of construction activities on four water quality parameters (turbidity, total phosphorus flow-weighted concentration, total phosphorus load and dissolved oxygen concentration). Data were collected at stations upstream and downstream of the construction and at four stations within the construction zone to determine if canal backfilling and construction of 2.4 km of new river channel would negatively impact local and downstream water quality. Turbidity levels at the downstream station were elevated for approximately 2 weeks during the one and a half year construction period, but never exceeded the Florida Department of Environmental Protection construction permit criteria. Turbidity levels at stations within the construction zone were high at certain times. Flow-weighted concentration of total phosphorus at the downstream station was slightly higher than the upstream station during construction, but low discharge limited downstream transport of phosphorus. Total phosphorus loads at the upstream and downstream stations were similar and loading to Lake Okeechobee was not significantly affected by construction. Mean water column dissolved oxygen concentrations at all sampling stations were similar during construction.     

新安江水体DO浓度偏低原因分析

对新安江水体（含新安江、千岛湖）ＤＯ浓度偏低进行了研究分析，结果表明新安江水电站的建造是主要影响因素．     

Spatial scales and probability based sampling in determining levels of benthic community degradation in the Chesapeake Bay

The extent of degradation of benthic communities of the Chesapeake Bay was determined by applying a previously developed benthic index of biotic integrity at three spatial scales. Allocation of sampling was probability-based allowing areal estimates of degradation with known confidence intervals. The three spatial scales were: (1) the tidal Chesapeake Bay; (2) the Elizabeth River watershed; and (3) two small tidal creeks within the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River that are part of a sediment contaminant remediation effort. The areas covered varied from 10^–1 to 10⁴ km² and all were sampled in 1999. The Chesapeake Bay was divided into ten strata, the Elizabeth River into five strata and each of the two tidal creeks was a single stratum. The determination of the number and size of strata was based upon consideration of both managerially useful units for restoration and limitations of funding. Within each stratum 25 random locations were sampled for benthic community condition. In 1999 the percent of the benthos with poor benthic community condition for the entire Chesapeake Bay was 47% and varied from 20% at the mouth of the Bay to 72% in the Potomac River. The estimated area of benthos with poor benthic community condition for the Elizabeth River was 64% and varied from 52–92%. Both small tidal creeks had estimates of 76% of poor benthic community condition. These kinds of estimates allow environmental managers to better direct restoration efforts and evaluate progress towards restoration. Patterns of benthic community condition at smaller spatial scales may not be correctly inferred from larger spatial scales. Comparisons of patterns in benthic community condition across spatial scales, and between combinations of strata, must be cautiously interpreted.