RBF神经网络可靠度分析方法在边坡稳定性研究中的应用

针对边坡稳定性可靠度分析,当状态函数无法显式表达且传统计算方法求解复杂问题困难时,提出一种基于ABAQUS和粒子群优化径向基函数神经网络的可靠度分析方法。基于ABAQUS的强度折减方法计算所选随机变量对应的安全系数,利用径向基函数神经网络的数据拟合功能,建立模型并映射出安全系数和随机变量之间的关系,构造响应面功能函数;利用蒙特卡罗生成的大量随机样本代入功能函数得到相应的安全系数,进而计算边坡的失稳概率和可靠度指标来反映边坡稳定性。研究结果表明:相对于传统方法,本文方法计算效率更高、误差更小,适合实际工程应用。     

空气幕对城际铁路地下车站火灾烟气控制数值分析

为将空气幕作为城际铁路地下车站控烟措施提供理论依据,进而为地下车站防灾控烟设计提供新思路,以某典型城际铁路地下车站岛式站台层为依托,采用火灾动力学三维模拟软件FDS建立全尺寸火灾模型,对比单吹式、吹吸式空气幕布置于站台与轨行区间时楼梯及站台处温度及可见度分布规律,并分别对单吹式、吹吸式空气幕的射流风速、射流角度进行了参数优化研究。结果表明:单吹式、吹吸式空气幕均可保证火灾下楼梯区域可见度和温度的安全性要求;单吹式在射流风速为12 m/s且射流角度为10°时,吹吸式在射流风速为8 m/s时,防烟效果良好且趋于稳定;采用单吹式的最小站台危险区域较吹吸式长15 m,建议在城际铁路地下车站中选用吹吸式空气幕。     

Simulation-based fault propagation analysis—Application on hydrogen production plant

Recently production of hydrogen from water through the Cu–Cl thermochemical cycle is developed as a new technology. The main advantages of this technology over existing ones are higher efficiency, lower costs, lower environmental impact and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Considering these advantages, the usage of this technology in new industries such as nuclear and oil is increasingly developed. Due to hazards involved in hydrogen production, design and implementation of hydrogen plants require provisions for safety, reliability and risk assessment. However, very little research is done from safety point of view. This paper introduces fault semantic network (FSN) as a novel method for fault diagnosis and fault propagation analysis by using evolutionary techniques like genetic programming (GP) and neural networks (NN), to uncover process variables’ interactions. The effectiveness, feasibility and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated on simulated data obtained from the simulation of hydrogen production process in Aspen HYSYS^®. The proposed method has successfully achieved reasonable detection and prediction of non-linear interaction patterns among process variables.     

Cobalt in alluvial Egyptian soils as affected by industrial activities

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有机黏土对污染土中HCH的固定及黑麦草生长的影响

在温室条件下,利用黑麦草盆栽实验研究了有机黏土对污染土壤中六六六的吸附固定效果及其对黑麦草生长的影响.结果表明, 添加有机黏土可以有效固定污染土中的六六六,降低其移动性和生物有效性,减少六六六在黑麦草中的积累.与对照相比,添加1%~8%有机黏土可固定土壤中50.4%~78.5%的六六六,当添加比例为8%时,黑麦草地上部分和根系中六六六的含量分别降低了53.9%~87.6%和37.4%~56.6%,各种处理的效果与对照相比均达到显著差异(P < 0.05).添加1%~4%有机黏土,能有效促进黑麦草茎叶部分的生长.     

超声波提取-GC/MS法测定生物体内硝基苯类化合物

以洪泽湖中6种代表性生物为研究对象,采用超声波法提取样品中硝基苯类化合物,用凝胶色谱净化、浓缩,气相色谱／质谱联用法测定。该法与索氏提取法在同等试验条件下进行加标回收试验,前者回收率高且稳定,简便可行。方法检出限为0．008μg／g～0．030μg／g,平均加标回收率为76．5％～109％,重复测定3次的RSD为1．5％～13．0％。     

Fenton氧化去除制药企业活性污泥中AOX的效果研究

用Fenton氧化处理合成制药企业活性污泥混合液,考察了不同Fe~(2+)、H_2O_2投加量和不同反应时间下污泥与上清液中AOX(可吸附有机卤代物)的去除效果,优化了反应条件,探讨了氧化机制.结果表明,Fenton氧化的最佳条件为H_2O_2投加量0.90 mol·L~(-1),Fe~(2+)投加量0.045 mol·L~(-1)[物质的量比为:n(Fe~(2+))∶n(H_2O_2)=1∶20],反应2 h,污泥和上清液中AOX可分别去除70.7%和78.5%.GC-MS分析结果显示,污泥中含有11种有机卤代物,Fenton氧化后有8种不再检出;3种仍有检出,但浓度有所降低,去除率约为40%~50%.与此同时,污泥中对二甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯等非有机卤代物类有毒有害有机物也得到有效去除.     

NUA-DAS生态滤池脱氮效果与反硝化菌特征研究

构建小型酸中和残渣(neutralized-used acid residue,NUA)和脱水铝污泥(dewatered alum sludge,DAS)联合生态滤池,研究了NUA-DAS生态滤池的脱氮效果和反硝化菌特征.系统运行稳定后,装置总出水中COD、TN、NO_3~--N的平均去除率达到60%、70%和95%,出水中NO_3~--N的浓度范围只有0.02~0.55 mg·L~(-1).采用PCR-DGGE分子生物学技术检测系统运行30d和60d各滤料层中含3类基因(nirS、nirK和nosZ)的反硝化菌群落特征,包括丰富度及相似度.结果表明,系统运行30 d和60 d里,nirS、nirK和nosZ基因反硝化菌丰富度均有明显增加,且处在各个滤料层中的反硝化菌丰富度基本相同.NUA和DAS滤料中检测出3类基因丰富度指数大小均为nosZnirKnirS.运行时间对反硝化菌的群落结构影响并不明显,但空间位置有一定影响.反硝化菌在NUA中的适应能力优于DAS,3类基因中nirK基因对滤料环境的适应能力最强.     

水热变化对三峡水库消落带紫色土有机碳矿化的影响

通过野外采样和室内模拟培养试验,研究水热变化对三峡水库消落带紫色土有机碳(SOC)矿化的影响.试验共设3个培养温度(10、20和30℃)和4个水分梯度[40%田间持水量(WHC)、70%WHC、100%WHC和淹水].在66 d培养期内,SOC累积矿化量表现为100%WHC处理下的最大,但与淹水之间差异不显著(P0.05).10℃和20℃时,100%WHC和淹水下的SOC累积矿化量与70%WHC无明显差异,但要显著高于40%WHC,而30℃时100%WHC和淹水下的累积矿化量则要显著高于70%WHC和40%WHC(P0.05),这表明相较于70%WHC的水分处理,高水分(100%WHC和淹水)对SOC矿化无抑制效应甚至在高温(30℃)下有促进作用.在相同水分条件下,消落带紫色土SOC累积矿化量均随培养温度升高而增加.另外,方差分析可知,温度和水分均能显著影响消落带紫色土SOC的累积矿化量,且二者有明显交互效应(P0.05).双库一级矿化动力学模型拟合结果表明,水分和温度通过影响消落带紫色土易分解有机碳含量和难分解有机碳的矿化速率,致使各处理之间SOC累积矿化量存在差异,其中高温条件下水分影响最为突出.随着温度的升高,低水分(40%WHC)下消落带紫色土SOC矿化的温度敏感性显著下降,而在土壤含水量≥70%WHC下则无明显变化.     

Fate and transport of the β-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil–water systems

The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter(OM).Sampling of the liquid layer for 14 days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4 hr,and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336 hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil:water systems, i.e., 42%–51% of the dose at14 days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption,these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils,may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.