2020年珠三角O3污染特征及主要成因

采用珠三角常规空气污染物与成分监测数据,通过分析对比2020年不同阶段的污染物浓度与气象等数据,研究了2020年珠三角臭氧污染特征与其主要成因。结果表明,2020年各月珠三角超标天首要污染物是O₃,珠三角2020年O₃评价浓度为148μg/m³,同比下降16%,AQI达标率同比上升9.5%。2020年O₃污染相对严重的月份是4、8~11月,对应的月度O₃评价浓度分别达到175,164,166,171,162μg/m³,均超过国家二级标准;其它月份均达标,6~12月O₃污染情况同比改善明显,O₃污染减轻使AQI达标率同比上升明显。2020年一季度受春节假期和疫情因素等共同影响,大气污染物排放量明显减少,但O₃浓度下降不明显,主要由于日照时数同比上升约19%;4月全面复工复产,以及辐射相对较强的气象条件,使O₃评价浓度同比上升约58%;5~8月“百日服务”与9~12月“百日行动”采取的污染防治措施有效降低O₃前体物排放量,NO₂浓度同比下降了22%~23%,VOCs浓度下降了18%~26%,使2个阶段的O₃评价浓度均同比下降了20%左右。     

贵阳市环境空气挥发性有机物浓度组成特征及其大气化学作用

为深入了解挥发性有机物(VOCs)的大气化学作用,基于贵阳市2022年5月VOCs离线观测数据,系统性分析VOCs的浓度水平、化学组成、OH活性、NO₃活性、O₃活性、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP)。结果表明,观测期间,VOCs的浓度、OH活性、NO₃活性、O₃活性、OFP和SOAP平均值分别为71.86±12.86μg/m³、3.52±1.28s^-1、1.65×10^-3±1.57×10^-3s^-1、3.87×10^-7±4.31×10^-7s^-1、36.08±35.44μg/m³和369.41±231.42μg/m³,均呈现晚上高白天低的日变化。烷烃是VOCs浓度的主要贡献组分,占比为38.66%,需重点关注丙酮、二氯甲烷、正丁醛、一溴二氯甲烷和氯仿等高浓度物种;OVOCs是OH活性贡献最大的组分,占比为46.50%,烯烃是NO₃活性和O₃活性主要贡献种类,贡献占比分别为68.07%和97.85%,需重点关注乙烯、丙烯、正丁醛、异戊二烯、丁烯、反-2-丁烯和顺-2-丁烯等活性物种;OVOCs和芳香烃分别是OFP和SOAP主要贡献种类,占比分别为48.18%和78.92%,需重点关注正丁醛、乙烯、乙醛和丁烯等主要的OFP贡献组分,和芳香烃类物种、苯甲醛和正十二烷等主要的SOAP贡献组分。后向轨迹研究发现,为进一步削减贵阳市O₃和颗粒物污染,VOCs控制政策应该重点关注贵阳市东部和北部地区。     

Spatial variability of sydney air quality by cumulative semivariogram

This paper establishes that an isotropic spatial correlation function in the form of a modified Bessel function of the second kind, first order, can be used to model the spatial variability of a pollution concentration field over a sufficiently long period of time in which the variability due to meteorological factors has been smoothed out. The corresponding cumulative semivariogram is derived and fitted by nonlinear least-squares to monthly averaged ozone data at 18 monitoring stations of the Sydney region. The good fit of the model indicates that the Sydney airshed has homogeneous and isotropic subregions whose radius of influence is about 17 km. The Bessel function form of the spatial correlation has a physical meaning as it is derived from the diffusion equation; hence, it is expected that the model can be used, in general, to represent the spatial variability of a smoothed homogeneous and isotropic concentration field.     

Forest Decline Evidence in Southern Turkey and its Possible Dependence on Ozone Trends

During the period between 1991 and 1997, crown condition was monitored at an experimental forest located in Southern Turkey, near Antalya. In order to determine the nutritional status of the stands in the study area, in the years 1992, 1993 and 1998, young and old needles were collected from the labelled trees and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) of the needles were determined. Between the years 1991 and 1997, the degree of defoliation of the canopies, according to the damage indexes, changes from 10–25% to 25–60%. Between the years 1992 and 1998, examination of nutrition condition of the stands reveal that, sufficient and balanced nutrition status of the trees in the year 1992, becomes insufficient or unbalanced for P, K, and N in 1998.From October 1994 to January 1996, a continuous hourly ozone sampling was performed on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey (30.34°E, 36.47°N) near Antalya. The survey carried out in the summer of 1995 reveals that AOT40_f index is 14.612 ppm.h, which exceeds the critical level of 10 ppm.h. As the measured ambient ozone levels are higher than critical level, it has been proposed that ozone may be one of the anthropogenic stress factors causing the forest decline in Southern Turkey observed within this study.     

Critical Reconsideration of Phase Space Embedding and Local Non-Parametric Prediction of Ozone Time Series

Phase space prediction is a feature selection method which triesto exploit non-linear dynamics of an underlying system. We describe and offer a critical reconsideration of this approach,discuss questions of whether non-linear methods are justified by the data, and apply them to ozone time series from single locations. Our main objectives are to obtain air quality forecasts in order to provide public health warnings and to provide an insight into the dynamics of the underlying system.Interestingly, comparable linear data sets (surrogates)have very similar structure and give similar predictionaccuracy to that of the ozone data. In this instance theredoes not appear to be any advantage to applying the phasespace approach to univariate time series.     

臭氧/沸石工艺处理水中硝基苯的效能研究

在连续反应器中,考察了臭氧/沸石工艺在不同条件下去除硝基苯的效果.结果表明,臭氧/沸石工艺对硝基苯的去除效率明显高于单纯臭氧氧化,反应7 min后,硝基苯去除率达到100％,并且该反应符合假一级反应动力学.叔丁醇能抑制臭氧/沸石工艺对硝基苯的去除效率,表明在氧化去除硝基苯过程中羟基自由基起主导作用.增加沸石投量和臭氧浓度均能有效地提高臭氧/沸石工艺对硝基苯的去除效率,并且臭氧/沸石工艺对硝基苯的去除速率与沸石投量之间存在1个最优值,与臭氧浓度呈线性关系.臭氧/沸石工艺对硝基苯的去除速率与初始硝基苯浓度无关.离子强度对臭氧/沸石工艺降解硝基苯的效率影响较大,当离子强度从0增加到1×10^-3　mol/L时,臭氧/沸石工艺对硝基苯的去除率从81.2％降低至31.6％.pH值主要影响臭氧的分解能力,随着溶液pH降低,臭氧/沸石工艺对硝基苯的去除效率逐渐下降.沸石具有较长的使用寿命.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Formaldehyde degradation by UV/TiO2/O3process using continuous flow mode

The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.g,, it could considerably increase decomposing of formaldehyde. The degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was between 73.6% and 79.4% while the initial concentration in the range of 1.84--24 mg/m^3 by O3/TiO2flJV process. The optimal humidity was about 50% in UV/TiO2/O3 processs and degradation of formaldehyde increases from 39.0% to 94.1% when the ozone content increased from 0 to 141 mg/m^3. Furthermore, the kinetics of formaldehyde degradation reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constant k of 46.72 mg/（m^3.min） and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0268 m^3/mg were obtained.     

利用遥感监测青藏高原上空臭氧总量30 a的变化

利用多源卫星遥感数据,分析了自1979年以来青藏高原上空臭氧总量的时空动态特征.结果表明,青藏高原上空的臭氧总量还在持续下降,而且下降速度高于全球和北半球平均水平,青藏高原、全球和北半球每年大约平均减少0.23%、0.19%、0.12%.但是自2000年后,下降的速度有所减缓,1979～1989、1990～1999和2000～2008年3个时期每年减少大约分别为0.51%、0.49%、0.31%.30a来青藏高原上空臭氧总量低于240DU的天数有34d.在2005年后,没有出现大面积的臭氧总量低值区(低于240DU);臭氧总量的季节变化呈正弦曲线变化,最大和最小值分别出现在3和10月,平均值分别大约为304.59和265.45DU.但是每年的极小值常出现在11月或12月.臭氧总量波动最大和最小分别出现在2月和9月,标准差为17.28和5.88DU;臭氧总量与海拔高度呈反相关,低值区出现在高海拔的上空,特别是在青藏高原区,与同纬度圈的平均值相比,青藏高原臭氧总量大约低了19DU,形成臭氧低谷.     

臭氧降解高浓度腐殖酸动力学

采用臭氧氧化法降解高浓度腐殖酸废水,并研究了臭氧对腐殖酸的降解动力学,考察了臭氧投量、初始腐殖酸浓度、初始pH和反应温度对臭氧降解高浓度腐殖酸废水的影响.结果表明,在臭氧投量为3.46 g.h-1,初始腐殖酸浓度为1 000mg.L-1,初始pH=8.0,反应温度为303 K,反应30 min的条件下,腐殖酸的去除率达到89.04%.在臭氧投量为1.52～6.01g.h-1,初始腐殖酸浓度为250～1 000 mg.L-1,初始pH为2.0～10.0,反应温度在283～323 K的范围内,臭氧降解腐殖酸符合拟一级动力学模型,通过对实验数据拟合,得到反应动力学方程,反应活化能较低(Ea=1.30×104J.mol-1),并且模型计算数值与实际数据吻合良好(平均相对误差为7.62%).