天津市工业污染治理费用函数研究

本文利用天津市工业污染治理设施运行数据,依据环境工程学原理,研究了厂级污染费用函数和边际削减费用函数。采用环境经济学软件Ｓｔａｔａ进行多元回归,得到的天津市厂级污染削减费用函数和边际削减费用函数具有很高的统计意义,可以作为环境保护投入资金铁利用与环境、经济效益的估计,并可应用于工业废水处理的技术、经济分析、工业废水排放标准的经济分析,以及工业废水区域控制规划、战略和政策的研究等领域。     

广东集约化养猪业的环境影响及其防治对策

分析和评价了广东省养猪场粪尿废水排放总量、污染物排放强度和废水治理现状,指出集约化养猪业对地表水、地下水、空气污染的严重性。养猪业排放的团体废弃物总量超过生活垃圾与了业固体废物总量;COD排放总量与生活废水及工业废水排放COD总量接近,并已排放大量的N、P、K等营养盐。养猪业已成为主要的有机污染源和N等营养盐污染源,分析厂养猪业污染防治中存在的问题,提出采用综合防治的方法解决广东省集约化养猪场污染问题。     

An Exploratory Study of Meanings of Risk Control for Long Term and Acute Effect Occupational Health and Safety Risks in Small Business Construction Firms

A qualitative study of employers' and employees' meanings of occupational health and safety (OHS) risk control was conducted among a sample of small businesses engaged in the Australian construction industry. Two OHS risks relevant to the construction industry were selected for study. One risk (falls from height) represented an immediate consequence, whereas the other (occupational skin disease) represented a long-term health effect. Meanings of the sources and control for these risks were explored during in-depth interviews. Participants perceived the immediate effect, falls from height OHS risk, as being more important in their workplaces than the delayed effect, skin disease OHS risk. The risk of falls from height was perceived to be controllable but requiring a great deal of effort to prevent, whereas there was a fatalistic resignation to the risk of occupational skin disease. Meanings of risk control for both occupational skin disease and falls from height focused on individual rather than technological risk controls. Organizational barriers to the adoption of technological OHS risk controls in the construction industry were identified.     

浅谈建设监理中的安全控制

目前我国大中型建设项目和国家重点工程都实行了建设监理制,在控制工程质量、安全、造价和工期等方面均取得了很大成效。本文阐述了建设监理中安全控制的内容,并针对施工中的不安全因素提出了预防对策。     

空调车间的通风除尘设计

针对空调车间的通风除尘,阐述了确定系统风量的方法。     

Biological Control of Water Hyacinth Under Conditions of Maintenance Management: Can Herbicides and Insects Be Integrated?

Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi. We therefore sampled water hyacinth and weevil populations at 54 sites distributed statewide. Half were under maintenance control, half were not treated with herbicides. General site conditions were assessed, demographic data were collected on weevil and plant populations, the reproductive condition of the weevils was determined, and plant nutrient and proximate composition of water hyacinth leaves were analyzed. Water hyacinth infestations under maintenance control were minimal when compared to unmanaged sites. Likewise, on a population basis, all weevil cohorts were much lower due to the paucity of plants. Plants at unmanaged sites, where weevil intensities were much higher, suffered high levels of stress and showed low growth potential. Lower percentages of the female weevils were reproductive at unmanaged sites when compared to managed sites, so densities of reproductives and immatures were similar at both site types. Reproductive status of the weevils improved with increased plant quality. Plant quality, in turn, declined as stresses arising from weevil feeding increased. Plant quality was positively correlated with plant growth potential and flower production. Thus, maintenance control improved plant nutritive quality thereby inducing reproductive vigor of the weevils, but ensuring plant regrowth and the need for future control. This suggests that biological and herbicidal controls should be integrated, using herbicides to maintain water hyacinth infestations below management thresholds but in a manner that conserves biological control agent populations. This approach would lead to improved plant nutritional quality that would, in turn, stimulate reproduction in biological control agent populations.     

推广固硫型煤改善城市空气环境质量

本文论述了固硫型煤在燃煤锅炉尤其是小型茶炉,洗浴炉及采暖炉上具有能消烟,除尘,脱硫 性。目前推广固型改善城市空气环境质量是经济,简便,易于,有效的实用措施。     

废水处理中pH值计算机模糊控制系统的设计

酸碱中和是化工废水处理中的一个重要环节。本ｐＨ值控制系统采用ＰＩＤ控制和模糊控制并列转换形式,当系统的偏差较小时,采用ＰＩＤ法进行流程控制;而当系统的偏差较大时,采用计算机模糊控制。介绍ｐＨ值计算机模糊控制系统设计原理与模糊控制器的实现,包括模糊化处理、模糊规则库的建立、模糊计算和反模糊化处理。在废水处理工艺流程中采用该控制方法可获得高效、稳定的控制效果。     

珠海市坡地开垦引发的水土流失及其防治措施

珠海市被地开垦侵蚀的面积为756．82hm2,主要分布于西区斗门县的乾务、五山、斗门等镇,以及平沙区、三灶区等地海拔10～50m、坡度大于10的丘陵台地;侵蚀强度以中度侵蚀为主．平均侵蚀模数2380t／（km2·a）。造成坡地开垦侵蚀的主要原因是开垦利用过程中水土保持措施没有跟上,选择的坡地坡度过大,本文针对珠海市坡地开垦侵蚀的特点,建议采用等高绿篱耕作、山边沟技术、复合农村技术等几项坡地水土保持措施。     

Ozone measurements along vertical transects in the Alps

To investigate the vertical profiles of air pollutants in the boundary layer, aircraft and balloon-born measurements and measurements using a cable car as an instrument platform have been performed in different parts of the Alps. This on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollutants requires expensive and sophisticated techniques. In order to control ambient air quality in remote regions, where no infrastructure like power supply is available, simple instruments are required. The objective of this study, which was coordinated and evaluated by the GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit was first, to investigate the vertical distribution of ozone in different parts of the Alps and secondly, in addition to continuous analyser measurements, to test monitoring by means of two types of passive samplers. The selection of these samplers — one for one week use and another one for two week application — was based on a passive sampler intercomparison done in a preliminary study one year earlier.