Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

基于Copula函数的茶园土壤铜锌空间协同效应研究

揭示茶园土壤Cu、Zn空间协同效应对有效预防和治理土壤Cu、Zn污染,保障茶叶品质具有十分重要的作用。论文以江浙两地典型茶叶种植区为研究区,运用Copula函数对土壤Cu、Zn含量协同关系进行模拟、Kriging/IDW插值法进行空间估计、标准差椭圆模型进行空间效应分析。结果表明：1）研究区茶园土壤Cu、Zn含量二元频率直方图呈“J”型,具有上尾相关、下尾渐近独立的特征,其上尾相关系数λup及Kendall、Spearman秩相关系数分别为0.345 4、0.273 5、0.396 0,表明二者具有显著的正向相关性,建议加强土壤Cu、Zn含量监测,提升预警,避免复合污染;2）土壤Cu、Zn含量整体水平协同程度较高,局部因不同主导因子影响协同程度较低,应强化土壤Cu、Zn污染全域协同治理及局地因情施策的效果;3）Copula函数、Kriging/IDW估计以及标准差椭圆模型测算结果能相互印证,3种方法结合可更全面客观地反映两者的空间协同效应,为土壤Cu、Zn污染防治提供参考依据。     

基于TLSER关系预测POPs在PUF与空气中的分配系数

为开发一种简洁高效预测K_PA值的方法,本文收集了包含多氯联苯（PCBs）、苯类（Benzenes）、多环芳香烃（PAHs）和杀虫剂（Pesticides）等,共95种污染物在聚氨酯泡沫塑料（PUF）与空气中分配系数（K_PA）的实验值,基于理论线性溶解能关系（TLSER）,运用逐步多元线性回归（MLR）构建了预测K_PA值的模型.结果表明,模型的决定系数R_adj²为0.901,外部验证系数Q_ext²为0.748.TLSER模型有较好的拟合度、稳健性和预测能力,可以预测应用域内POPs在PUF和空气之间的分配系数.     

古村落旅游地利益主体关系及影响研究--世界文化遗产地西递、宏村实证分析

运用利益主体理论，通过对西递、宏村两地旅游业密切相关的各利益主体代表的访谈及问卷调查发现，政府、居民、旅游企业、游客为目前古村落旅游地最主要的利益主体，他们在古村落的旅游发展中，所处的地位、执行的职能、发挥的作用各不相同，但彼此又密切相关，具有一些共同目标或职责。在此基础上，指出西递、宏村两地旅游发展面临的主要矛盾和问题，提出鼓励公众参与、提高从业人员素质和教育程度、加强对旅游者的教育、加强利益主体之间的协调与合作等相关对策。     

新原高速公路雁门关隧道出口段滑坡勘察及治理

本文对水沟滑坡的形成及滑动机理进行了分析，对滑坡的稳定性进行了计算，得出不同状态下滑坡体的稳定系数及滑坡推力，并根据滑坡体与设计路线工程的关系，提出了在坡体中下部结合桥墩设置抗滑桩、坡体内及周界外设置截排水沟、坡面填坑埋缝的综合治理方案。     

用总有机碳浓度表达活性污泥反应动力学的研究

本研究对废水活性污泥法处理中常用指标ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５、ＭＬＶＳＳ与总有机磷指标的相关性进行了探讨。     

Combining the Species-Area-Habitat Relationship and Environmental Cluster Analysis to Set Conservation Priorities: a Study in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China

Abstract: Identification of priority areas is a fundamental goal in conservation biology. Because of a lack of detailed information about species distributions, conservation targets in the Zhoushan Archipelago (China) were established on the basis of a species–area–habitat relationship (choros model) combined with an environmental cluster analysis (ECA). An environmental‐distinctness index was introduced to rank areas in the dendrogram obtained with the ECA. To reduce the effects of spatial autocorrelation, the ECA was performed considering spatial constraints. To test the validity of the proposed index, a principal component analysis–based environmental diversity approach was also performed. The priority set of islands obtained from the spatially constrained cluster analysis coupled with the environmental‐distinctness index had high congruence with that from the traditional environmental‐diversity approach. Nevertheless, the environmental‐distinctness index offered the advantage of giving hotspot rankings that could be readily integrated with those obtained from the choros model. Although the Wilcoxon matched‐pairs test showed no significant difference among the rankings from constrained and unconstrained clustering process, as indicated by cophenetic correlation, spatially constrained cluster analysis performed better than the unconstrained cluster analysis, which suggests the importance of incorporating spatial autocorrelation into ECA. Overall, the integration of the choros model and the ECA showed that the islands Liuheng, Mayi, Zhoushan, Fodu, and Huaniao may be good candidates on which to focus future efforts to conserve regional biodiversity. The 4 types of priority areas, generated from the combination of the 2 approaches, were explained in descending order on the basis of their conservation importance: hotspots with distinct environmental conditions, hotspots with general environmental conditions, areas that are not hotspots with distinct environmental conditions, and areas that are not hotspots with general environmental conditions.     

Area-Based Refinement for Selection of Reserve Sites with the Benefit-Function Approach

Abstract:  Optimization of resource use is necessary for efficient conservation planning. Many reserve-selection algorithms aim to identify representative but inexpensive networks, which may lead to selecting small sites due to their lower costs and collectively higher species richness. Nevertheless, larger sites would be preferable regarding species' long-term persistence. An area-based refinement can be used to overcome this problem. We used a reserve-planning framework in which continuous benefit functions valued representation (numbers of populations), and differential species weights were based on a species' local rarity and threatened status. We introduced a refinement based on the species-area relationship that provides relatively higher values for larger sites. We applied the proposed method to rich fen vegetation in southern Finland. The species-area refinement resulted in a network of significantly larger sites with minor trade-offs with representation (numbers of populations). Giving endangered species higher weights ensured that the trade-off occurred mostly between site size and representation of low-priority species. We recommend using a species-area refinement for practical, maximum-coverage conservation planning.     

农村生态文明建设视域下改善农村干群关系的思考

建设社会主义新农村需要生态文明,当前我国农村生态文明建设还面临着很大问题和挑战.农村生态态文明建设需要加强广大农村干部与农民群众的密切联系,改善农村干关系事关重大.