Factors affecting the floristic diversity and nestedness in the islets of Lake Bardawil, North Sinai, Egypt: implications for conservation

Island biogeography theory and nestedness are two relevant and important concepts in biogeography and conservation. However, their integration and application has not been examined for maintaining or maximizing species diversity, especially in arid regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the ecological mechanisms related to the observed pattern of floristic diversity and nestedness in the Lake Bardawil islets on the Mediterranean coast of Sinai Peninsula before the execution of the North Sinai Agricultural Development Project (NSADP) that will threaten the ecosystem of the lake. Plant species on 15 islets were identified and categorized into ecological groups related to their life-form, salt tolerance and succulence. Richness of total plant species and their ecological groups were positively correlated with islet area, number of habitats and elevation, and negatively with disturbance index. The temperature calculator detected highly significant nestedness for the entire flora and all ecological groups. Distance from the mainland had no effect on either species richness or nested pattern of total plant species and their ecological groups. Both the analyses of species richness and nested distribution yielded evidence for a positive species-area relationship. Although nestedness was detected for the entire plant species and their ecological groups, many species and islets exhibited idiosyncratic distribution. Idiosyncrasies could be mainly attributed to demographic stochasticity which is an important character for species interaction and diversity maintenance in arid regions. Therefore, in developing conservation strategies for the Lake Bardawil islets, it is important to incorporate spatial and temporal stability of populations.     

安技人员素质与工伤事故关系问题的探讨

以中国飞行试验研究院安全技术人员配置状况为研究对象 ,结合近 2 0年来工伤事故情况 ,从安技人员文化基础、专业知识、工作年龄、安全年限等方面 ,研究分析安技人员素质与工伤事故的关系及其规律。目的是为安技人员的素质建设以及充分发挥安技人员积极性提供有效的依据和帮助     

内分泌扰乱化学品对动物的影响和作用机制

介绍了内分泌扰乱化学品(EDCs)的作用机制及其对野生动物影响的研究进展。内分泌化学品可能与性激素受体、甲状腺素受体和其他受体(如芳烃受体)结合,也可能通过影响动物体内激素的代谢而对动物的生长发育起调控作用。各实验室的重复实验不支持环境雌激素之间存在协同作用的结论。已报道过的人体和野生动物生殖缺陷中具有充分证据的暴露-效应关系的实例为数不多。尽管野生鱼类变性是英国河流中的一个普遍现象,但进一步的实验证明污水处理场出水中的天然和合成雌激素足以引起鱼类的变性反应,而不是先前怀疑的非离子表面活性剂降解产物。目前尚不能对EDCs对人体和野生动物的健康风险作出正确评价,并有待于进一步研究。      

Surfactant-induced changes in gravity fingering of water through a light oil

Gravity-driven preferential flow (fingering) can greatly affect how one fluid displaces another in the subsurface. We have studied the internal properties of these preferential flow paths for water, with and without surfactants, infiltrating into oil saturated porous media using synchrotron X-rays, and miniature tensiometers to characterize fluid content and pressure relationships. We also used a light transmission technique to visualize overall flow pattern. Capillary pressure and water content decrease behind the front, similar to fingers in air-dry sand, with quantitative differences for five different surfactants with surface tensions ranging from 4–21 g/s². Using unstable flow theory, the finger widths, capillary pressure drops within the fingers, finger tip lengths, and finger splitting dynamics were scaled successfully with interfacial tension, fluid density, and the contact angle using the fingers in air–water systems as the reference.     

河西走廊城市化与水资源利用关系的量化研究

基于1985-2003年的统计数据,分析了河西走廊5市以及三大内陆河流域城市化水平与用水总量、用水效益、人均用水水平的定量关系,建立了它们之间关系的数学模型。结果表明,河西走廊城市化水平与用水总量呈对数增长关系,与用水效益呈线性增长关系,与人均用水水平的定量关系则较为复杂。同时,河西走廊短缺的水资源对城市化进程存在明显的约束作用,而且约束强度在水资源最为紧缺的东部地区表现最为明显;中部地区城市化的较快发展是以水资源的巨大消耗为代价的;而西部的疏勒河流域,则是城市化水平和用水效益相对较高的地区,但也是人均用水量相对较高的地区。因此,建立集约的水资源利用体系,缓解水资源对城市化进程的约束,是河西走廊各地区实施城镇化战略和西部大开发战略所面临的共同任务。     

太阳活动变化与新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的发展

已有研究表明,新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称"新冠肺炎")和以往的传染病大流行与太阳活动存在着密不可分的关系.但是究竟存在什么样的关系,尚未形成一致的意见.并且这些研究大多关注于大流行事件发生的年份与太阳活动周峰谷值年份之间的对应关系,却很少分析大流行的发展过程与太阳活动过程之间的关系.本文基于2020-01-01?—?2...     

Vertical and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and relationship with their influencing factors in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone： a case study in Taihu Lake, China

Vertical and temporal distributions of N and P in soil solution in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone （ATE） of Taihu Lake were investigated, and the relations among N, P, ORP （oxidation reduction potential）, TOC, root system biomass and microorganism were studied. As a whole, significant declines in TN, NO3^--N, DON （dissolved organic nitrogen） and TP concentration in soil solution have occurred with increase of the depth, and reached their minima at 60 cm depth, except for NH4^＋-N, which increased with depth. The concentration of TP increased gradually from spring to winter in the topsoil, the maximum 0.08 mg/L presented in the winter while the minimum 0.03 mg/L in spring. In the deeper layer, the concentration value of TP fluctuated little. As for the NO3^--N, its seasonal variation was significant at 20 cm depth, its concentration increased gradually from spring to autumn, and decreased markedly in winter. Vertical and temporal distribution of DON is contrary to that of NO3^--N. The results also show that the variation of N and P in the percolate between adjacent layers is obviously different. The vertical variation ofTN, TP, NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N and DON is significant, of which the variation coefficient of NO3^--N along the depth reaches 100.23%, the highest; while the variation coefficient of DON is 41.14%, the smallest. The results of correlation analysis show that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus correlate significantly with TOC, ORP, root biomass and counts of nitrifying bacteria. Most nutrients altered much from 20 to 40 cm along the depth. However, DON changed more between 60 and 80 cm. Results show that soil of 0-60 cm depth is active rhizoplane, with strong capability to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in ATE. It may suggest that there exists the optimum ecological efficiency in the depth of above 60 cm in reed wetland. This will be very significant for ecological restoration and reestablishment.     

支持向量机用于芳烃类化合物对芳烃受体亲和性QSAR研究

尝试将支持向量机(SVM)应用于3种典型芳烃类环境毒物(PCDD,PCDF和PCB)定量构效关系研究,通过对芳烃受体亲和性考察,结果发现该组样本的生物活性在一定程度上与分子电性距离矢量具有非线性联系.SVM对内部和外部样本都具良好稳定性能和预测能力:所得模型拟合、交叉检验、外部预测复相关系数及均方根误差分别为R2cum=0.922、Q2cum=0.825、Q2ext=0.834和RMSext=0.531将其与文献报道及多元线性回归、偏最小二乘、人工神经网络进行比较,结果表明对小样本、非线性问题SVM具较强拓展性及泛化能力,故在环境毒物评价和控制中具有广阔应用前景.     

基于市域尺度的中国化肥施用与粮食产量的时空耦合关系

化肥施用是一把双刃剑,在促进粮食产量增加、保障粮食安全的同时,导致了生态环境退化,当前亟需辨明化肥施用与粮食生产之间的时空耦合关系,以便为维护粮食安全与生态安全提供有效的对策。以中国336个地级行政区为研究单元,分析2005-2015年中国粮食产量与化肥施用量的时空格局变化特征、化肥施用量与粮食产量的时空耦合关系及其动态变化过程。研究发现：（1）2005-2015年中国化肥施用量与粮食产量均呈上升趋势,化肥施用量的区内差异呈“粮食主产区—产销平衡区—粮食主销区”递减态势;而粮食产量的区域差异总体趋于增大,且呈“粮食主产区—产销平衡区—粮食主销区”递增态势。（2）化肥施用量增幅大致呈“东—中—西”阶梯式递增的趋势,而粮食产量增幅呈明显的南北分异特征。（3）从空间分布来看,胡焕庸线以东地区以“双高区”为主,胡焕庸线以西地区以“双低区”为主,且“低效施肥区”收缩,“他因素影响区”扩张。（4）期间,粮肥耦合关系以“双增型”为主,其他类型为辅,粮肥耦合关系主要向“双增型”与“他因素影响型”转变。     

近10年流域江湖关系变化作用下鄱阳湖水动力及水质特征模拟

鄱阳湖水文情势受流域来水及长江共同影响,近10年流域、长江和鄱阳湖间关系发生了较大变化,导致了新的水文节律调整,进一步使得湖区水质环境发生变化.对近10年序列(2003—2012年)和1956—2002年序列的多年平均的日水文过程进行对比,分析了鄱阳湖的流域入流、湖口出流及湖区水位的年内变化过程;近10年鄱阳湖最高水位降低,湖相时间变短,河相时间增长;通过构建鄱阳湖的二维水动力水质模型,并采用实测2010年湖区水动力及水质数据对模型进行率定验证,在此基础上着重研究流域、江湖水文情势变化条件下,湖区的水动力和水质发生的变化.模拟结果显示,由于4—6月间湖区丰水期滞后13 d,8—10月间枯水期提前21 d,导致TN浓度在两个时间段内分别上升10.6%和12.4%,TP浓度在两期间内分别升高11.7%和13.6%.在8—10月期间,湖区水位下降速率增加,南部与西部的碟型湖提前与主湖区分离,形成相对静水的水塘,加剧了碟型湖的富营养化风险.