广西海域优先关注问题甄别及对策探讨

《广西北部湾经济区发展规划》已获得国务院批准实施,广西沿海地区进入了快速发展时期。在经济快速发展过程中,海洋环境污染、海洋生态损害、海洋灾害、海洋物理条件改变、海洋环境管理等方面的问题都会存在。针对不同环境问题对食品安全、人群健康、海洋资源、生态系统健康、其他经济和社会价值（如文化价值）等方面的影响,通过采用表格法和权重法,甄别广西海洋优先关注问题,确定各类环境问题优先关注次序,针对这些问题,提出相应的对策。     

水利项目对水环境的影响及防护措施分析

摘要：水利工程建设项目为非污染生态破坏型建设项目,该类建设项目对水环境的影响按影响程度和影响类型可分为施工期影响和运行期影响,影响对象主要为水体、河流、及相关的生态环境等。本文对水利工程建设对水环境的影响进行分析,并提出了防范措施,为水利工程项目的设计、建设、后期的管理及环保措施的落实提供了依据。     

X80钢在库尔勒和高pH值土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过浸泡质量损失法、动电位极化和交流阻抗等方法研究了X80管线钢在库尔勒和高pH值（0.5mol/L Na2CO3＋1 mol/L NaHCO3）土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为,并对宏观腐蚀形貌进行了观察,采用X-射线衍射仪测试了腐蚀产物膜的组成。结果表明,X80管线钢在高pH值土壤模拟溶液中腐蚀很轻微,而在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中则发生了严重的腐蚀,其腐蚀速率约是高pH值土壤模拟溶液中的3倍。这主要是因为X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中表现出活性溶解状态,形成的腐蚀产物膜疏松、易脱落,保护性很差;在高pH值土壤模拟溶液中则很容易钝化,形成的碳酸亚铁腐蚀产物膜具有一定的阻隔效应,产生了明显的保护作用,腐蚀速率因此很低。     

UV/H2O2降解水中硝基酚及影响因素

UV H2 O2 氧化对硝基酚实验表明 ,H2 O2 光解产生·OH自由基是对硝基酚降解的直接原因 ,12min内 2 5mg L的对硝基酚去除率达到98%以上。溶液中TOC变化与对硝基酚的去除并不同步 ,说明对硝基酚的降解中生成了一系列的中间产物 ,然后再达到完全矿化的。体系中H2 O2 浓度变化显示产生的中间产物对H2 O2 光解没有明显影响。研究中还对对硝基酚起始质量浓度、H2 O2 浓度及pH影响进行了考察。研究认为UV H2 O2 是对硝基酚脱毒的一种有效方法     

四川大学江安校区景观水体水质特征分析

本文以四川大学江安校区景观水体为研究对象,通过近一年,共6次的水质监测采样,研究氨氮、总磷、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数等水质指标的时空分布特征及变化规律并进行单因子评价。分析了水体富营养化和湖中鱼类的死亡原因并讨论了餐厅排污的影响。研究结果表明:总磷、氨氮和溶解氧是主要污染指标,可导致"水华"、死鱼等问题。最后,提出了相应的治理对策与措施建议。     

Evaluation of the ecological status with benthic indices in the coastal system： the case of Bohai Bay （China）

Based on biologic and environmental materials collected from coastal areas of Bohai Bay （China） in April, 2008, three biotic indices （AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （AMBI）, Shannon-Wiener Index and W-statistic） were applied together to evaluate the ecological status of the sampling area. The results showed a clear spatial gradient from a worse ecological status in the near-shore areas （especially around Haihe and Jiyun River Estuaries） to a better status in the offshore areas. While all the three indices could assist decision makers in visualizing spatial changes of organic pollutants in Bohai Bay, two indices, i. e., AMBI and Shannon-Wiener index, were effective in distinguishing sites from Haihe River Estuary, Jiyun River Estuary and other area. However, W-statistic can＇t tell the differences between estuaries and other area. It would be explained that organic pollutants and/or other environ- mental stresses in Bohai Bay were not strong enough to reduce the size ofmacrozoobenthos, which may cause both of the abundance and biomass curves crossed. To our knowledge, this is the first time that several benthic indices were used to assess the benthic ecological status in Bohai Bay, which gave the similar results. Furthermore, there is indication that the ecological status is related to excess input of wastewater along main rivers and outlets. In a word, AMBI, Shannon-Wiener Index and W-statistic could be able to assess the benthic ecological status of Bohai Bay under the organic pollutants pressure.     

Temporal variability in atmospheric Hg released from natural and anthropogenic sources in central Taiwan

From September 2011 to February 2012, ambient air particulate and particulate-bound mercury [Hg(p)] concentrations were measured, together with dry deposition using a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) analyser, at two characteristic sampling sites in central Taiwan. Results from the sampling site at Westin Park indicated that the lowest particulate dry deposition and lowest average particulate concentrations in total suspended particles (TSP) occurred in September (29.70±7.47 μ g m^?2×min) and February (34.38±13.60 ng m^?3), respectively. Moreover, results from the Gung-Ming junior high school (airport) site, showed that the highest average particulate dry deposition and average highest particulate concentrations in TSP occurred in February (156.76±30.36 μ g m^?2×min) and January (125.49±9.51 ng m^?3), respectively, during the winter. The Dragon Steel Plant and Han-Shian Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation were both nearby. These factors led to the high Hg(p) concentrations at Taichung Airport (TA) compared with Westin Park. Local large suspended particulates from heavy traffic were the main reason for the high average Hg(p) deposition at Westin Park compared with TA in this study.     

Effects of a phycotoxin,okadaic acid,on oyster heart cell survival

Okadaic acid (OA) is a dinoflagellate toxin which accumulates in shellfish producing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans. It was found that OA is a highly selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase types 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) which produces a marked increase in phosphorylation of several proteins, including p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. The cytotoxicity attributed to OA and the effects on p38 MAP kinase and calcium current were examined in the oyster Crassostrea gigas in this study. Data showed that p38 MAP kinase is strongly expressed in oyster heart and that OA bioaccumulated in cultured heart cells. Hence the effects of OA was tested in vitro and in vivo on oysters. OA was found to (i) exert a positive chronotropic effect on cultured atrial cardiomyocytes which is related to an increase in calcium current via PKC as shown by patch clamp measurements, (ii) produce an activation/phosphorylation of MAP kinase as shown by Westernblot while the non-phosphorylated p38 remained constant during treatment, (iii) did not induce a pro-apoptotic effect. Data suggest that OA may also stimulate the anti-apoptotic pathway by phosphatase inhibition.     

灰色系统理论在高校学生公寓火灾风险评价中的应用

针对高校学生公寓火灾的安全问题,参考相关标准、征求专家意见,建立了高校学生公寓火灾风险评价指标体系,并确定了权重。在此基础上,根据灰色系统理论原理对高校学生公寓火灾风险评价进行研究,建立评价模型,运用改进后的多层次灰色关联度分析法对青岛市某高校10#学生公寓的火灾风险进行评价,得出火灾风险等级为二级,即安全。研究结果表明,所建立的评价模型对学生公寓火灾的风险评价具有良好的应用价值,也为火灾风险评价提供了一种新的综合评价方法。     

兴安落叶松林地表可燃物含水率预测模型的研建

对大兴安岭落叶松林地表可燃物含水率影响因子进行分析,选取主要的环境因子,为该区域内林火管理工作提供重要的理论依据。利用软件SPSS Clementine12.0,将相对湿度、地表温度、空气温度作为输入神经元,将兴安落叶松林地表可燃物含水率作为神经网络输出神经元,建立基于BP神经网络的含水率模型。应用BP神经网络模型敏感度分析结果来评定环境因子对兴安落叶松林地表可燃物含水率影响的大小,分析表明,影响兴安落叶松林地表可燃物含水率的主要环境因子由小到大排序为:相对湿度、地表温度、空气温度。构建的兴安落叶松林地表可燃物含水率BP神经网络模型对该区域内的林火管理工作具有一定的借鉴意义。