Dioxin-/Furan-“Verbrennungsprofile” in Abgasen aus Hochtemperaturprozessen

Zusammenfassung  Verschiedene Mechanismen in der Abkühlungsphase von Hochtemperaturprozessen führen zur Neubildung von polychlorierten Dibenzo(p) dioxinen (PCDD) und polychlorierten Dibenzofuranen (PCDF) und, unabh?ngig von den jeweiligen Absolutkonzentrationen, zu vergleichbaren PCDD/F-Profilen, also prozentualen Anteilen einzelner Kongenere bzw. Homologengruppen an der Summe der betrachtten 17 Kongenere nach 17. BImSchV bzw. Homologengruppen Tetra-bis Octa CDD/F. Die Charakteristik dieser “Verbrennungs-profile” kann zur Plausibilit?tsprüfung von Messergebnissen sowie zur weitergehenden Deutung und zum Verst?ndnis der ablaufenden Reaktionsmechanismen beitragen. Online-First: 9. M?rz 2000     

Prenatal diagnosis of a case of tetrasomy 9p

A male fetus with tetrasomy 9p [47,XY, + i(9p)] is presented. The cytogenetic interpretation of the marker chromosome was confirmed by assessing the activity of the enzyme galactose I-phosphate uridyl transferase. The clinical findings of the case show features in common with previously reported cases.     

利用TaPL3模型计算p,p''-DDTDDT在天津地区的长距离传输潜力

利用TaPL3(Version 3．00)模型计算了天津地区p，p’-DDT通过大气和水体的长距离传输潜力(LRTP)．通过灵敏度分析，确定了模型的关键参数．利用蒙特卡罗方法对模型结果进行了不确定性分析．结果表明，天津地区p，p’-DDT通过大气的LRlP为473～762km，均值为579km；通过水体的LRTP为940～10958km，均值为2254km．通过大气的LRTP的结果分布比通过水体的LRTP更集中．与国外同类结果比较，通过大气的LRTP略低，而通过水体的LRTP则明显偏低．     

西藏砂生槐种子营养成份的初步研究

砂生槐(Sophora moorcroftiana)是藏南河谷地带分布极广的一种多年生豆科灌木,具有极强的抗旱、耐瘠、抗风沙等生态适应性。目前当地群众挖其植株作为生活燃料,收其干叶作为牲畜越冬饲料,破坏相当严重。为充分开发其利用价值,首次取其种子进行营养成份分析,发现其富含蛋白质和脂肪17种氨基酸含量达 23％以上除色氨酸未能测定外,其余7种必须氨基酸含量均高于豌豆(Pisum sativrm)热值 4 800千卡/公斤左右。具有较高的饲用或食用开发价值。     

Synthesis of copolyesters containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) units and their susceptibility toPseudomonas sp. lipase

Copolyesters containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) were synthesized from PET and PCL homopolymers by transesterification reaction at 270°C in the presence of catalyst. The copolyesters were characterized by¹³C-NMR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degradation behavior of PCL byPseudomonas sp. lipase in buffer solution (pH 7) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and¹H-NMR. From these experiments, it was found thatPseudomonas sp. lipase acted endoenzymatically on PCL. Using this lipase, degradation tests for PET/PCL copolyesters whose PCL content was below 50% by weight were also performed in buffer solution (pH 7). However, evenPseudomonas sp. lipase with high degradation activity on PCL did not easily degrade the PCL unit in PET/PCL copolyesters.     

在大鼠哮喘发生中SO2致凋亡相关基因及蛋白质表达的改变

为了研究SO2对哮喘大鼠肺细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响.对健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、SO2暴露组、卵蛋白(OVA)致敏哮喘组、SO2和OVA联合作用组,采用荧光实时定量RT-PCR和Westem Blot方法研究吸入SO2对哮喘大鼠肺细胞p53、box、bcl-2三种细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响.结果表明,SO2暴露组肺中p53和box mRNA和蛋白水平降低,bcl-2表达和bcl-2/bax比值均有升高,但与对照组相比无显著性差异.与对照组相比,哮喘组肺中p53和bax mRNA和蛋白的表达水平呈现不同程度的降低;bcl-2的表达和bcl-2/bax比值显著升高.SO2和OVA联合作用后,与哮喘组相比,肺中p53和bax蛋白表达显著下降,而bcl-2蛋白表达显著升高.结论:SO2可加剧哮喘大鼠的哮喘症状,其机制可能是通过影响哮喘大鼠肺组织凋亡相关基因(p53、bax、bcl-2)的表达水平,抑制气道炎性细胞的凋亡来实现的.这些机制的阐明有助于对SO2毒作用机制的理解和所致疾病的治疗.     

限塑令实施前后居民环境意识水平变化的比较研究

我国限塑令实施后,塑料袋使用量下降明显,效果显著,但其对公众环境意识的影响缺乏研究。本文以南京市大型超市为例,通过调查问卷、访谈等方法进行数据采集,建立公众环境意识多级模糊评价指标体系,并运用赋值分析法,研究限塑令实施前后南京市居民相关环境意识的变化,以评价限塑令对公众环境意识的影响和作用。研究结果表明:限塑令的实施带来较为有效的环境知识普及作用(公众环境知识评价提高18%)、快速明显的环境行为矫正作用(公众环境行为评价提高32%)以及相对滞后的环境态度带动作用(公众环境态度评价提高6%)。     

纳氏试剂比色法测定水中氨氮的影响因素分析

就纳氏试剂比色法在测定水中氨氮的过程中各种影响测定的因素进行分析,并就实验时间对测定的的影响进行了研究。     

宋代地震灾害与政府应对

地震灾害是给人类社会造成极大破坏的自然灾害之一。根据《宋史》等书记载,对宋代320年间的地震灾害进行初步的统计和分析,以认识两宋地震灾害的基本状况。地震发生后,宋朝政府积极展开救灾与论政,以帮助灾区度过困难并总结治国方略得失,以增强政府抵御灾害的能力。     

Sorption of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) by clays and organoclays

This study focused on the sorption isotherms of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p'-DDT) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) on different original clays (i.e., zeolite, montmorillonite and attapulgite) and organoclay complexes. Sorption of organic pollutants was determined using gas chromatographic (GC) techniques to investigate the sorption behavior, and characterize the effect of, different organic cations. The original clays only sorbed low amounts of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE, and the sorptive curves can be classified as L-shaped. Organoclays exhibited higher amounts of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE sorption. The p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE sorption increased with increasing total organic carbon (OC) content of the organoclays. For hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)-modified organoclays, the dominant adsorptive medium showed the partitioning sorption of hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction, indicating no competitive sorption. The sorptive curves can be classified as C-shaped of constant partition (CP). However, benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA)-modified organoclays exhibited competitive sorption. The sorption isotherm curves can be classified as S-shaped. The sorptive capacity of the HDTMA-modified organoclays for p,p'-DDT were higher than those for p,p'-DDE, but the BTMA-modified organoclays showed a reverse trend. This can be attributed to the different structures and shapes of organic cations, giving different sorptive mechanisms. The p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE sorption onto HDTMA-modified organoclays were caused by chemical interaction, with the BTMA modified organoclays occuring due to physical sorption.