卤代烃作为降解抑制剂降低气相色谱/质谱分析方法中p,p’-DDT的降解

因为降低p,p’-DDT降解的传统方法会需要频繁清洁色谱系统及更换相关耗材,操作繁琐,耗时长,成本高,所以拟采用微量降解抑制剂减少和延缓p,p’-DDT分析时的降解率和降解频率。降解抑制剂为常见卤代烃类化合物,如四氯化碳等,降解抑制剂与样品同时进样分析。与传统方法比较,本方法不仅无需频繁清洁色谱系统及更换相关耗材,而且能显著降低p,p’-DDT降解率和降解频率,节约耗材及时间成本,操作简单快捷,不影响其它化合物的分析,回收率满足相关标准要求,为减少色谱分析中易降解化合物的降解提供了新的方法和思路。     

Kinetics of acetyl CoA: Arylamine N‐acetyltransferase from rapid and slow acetylator fish tissues

N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity was determined in 100 fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) livers using 2‐aminofluorene and p‐aminobenzoic acid as substrates. Overall, the liver NAT activity of the 50 females was higher than the liver NAT activity of the 50 males. The activities (mean ± SD) of NAT from kidney, blood, intestine, and liver of males was 0.42 ± 0.11, 0.12 ± 0.03, 0.12 ± 0.08, and 1.56 ± 0.54 nmol/min/mg protein for the acetylation of 2‐aminofluorene and 0.36 ± 0.09, 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.11 ± 0.04, and 0.46 ± 0.15 nmol/min/mg protein for the acetylation of p‐aminobenzoic acid. In kidney, blood, intestine, and liver from female fish, the activities obtained were 1.60 ± 0.12, 0.35 ± 0.07, 0.15 ± 0.09, and 1.89 ± 0.50 nmol/min/mg protein for 2‐aminofluorene and 0.95 ± 0.11, 0.27 ± 0.03, 0.13 ± 0.09, and 0.57 ± 0.12nmol/min/mg protein for p‐aminobenzoic acid. Kinetic constants for arylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in kidney, blood, intestine, and liver from fish with rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator activity were determined. Apparent K _m and V _max values for 2‐aminofluorene were 5.5 and 7‐fold higher for liver than for the other tissues. Apparent K _m and V _max values for p‐aminobenzoic acid were 3.5 and 4.7‐fold higher for liver than for the other tissues. Based on the 2‐aminofluorene NAT activity of liver, there appears to be a polymorphism in NAT activity with 16 rapid, 28 intermediate, and 56 slow acetylators among the 100 fish assayed. This is the first demonstration of acetyl CoA: arylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in fresh water fish and could lead to the development of a fish model for monitoring the effect of pollution of water environments on native species.     

Paeonol promotes arylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in human bladder tumor cells

Paeonol was used to determine effects of arylamine N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in human bladder tumor cells. The NAT activity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography assaying for the amounts of N‐acetyl‐2‐aminofluorene (2‐AAF) and N‐acetyl‐p‐amino‐benzoic acid (N‐Ac‐PABA) and remaining 2‐aminofluorene (2‐AF) and p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA). The NAT activity in human bladder tumor cells was promoted by paeonol in a dose‐dependent manner, i.e. the higher the concentration of paeonol, the higher the promotion of NAT activity. The data also indicated that paeonol increases the apparent values of K_m and K_max from human bladder tumor cells in cytosols and intact cells. This report is the first demonstration to show paeonol did promote human bladder tumor cell NAT activity.     

Isochromosome 5p mosaicism at prenatal diagnosis: observations and outcomes in six cases at chorionic villus sampling and one at amniocentesis

We present six cases of 47,+i(5p)/46 mosaicism diagnosed at chorionic villus sampling (CVS), this being the first prospective series to be reported. The clinical indication in each was advanced maternal age. Further prenatal studies in four (amniocentesis, plus fetal blood sampling in one) did not show the isochromosome. In one case, subsequent amniocentesis showed 1/48 in situ colonies with the isochromosome, but fetal blood was karyotypically normal. These five pregnancies resulted in phenotypically normal livebirths; further normal follow-up reports (from age 4 months through 4 years) are noted in four of these. Analysis of placental tissue in one case confirmed the presence of the i(5p) mosaicism. In the remaining case, in which 100% of CVS cultured cells had the i(5p), the pregnancy was terminated. Fetal skin fibroblasts did not show the i(5p). Thus, in none of these six cases was true fetal mosaicism detected, nor an abnormal phenotype noted. We suggest that a 47,+i(5p)/46 karyotype, detected at CVS, may frequently reflect confined placental mosaicism. In addition, we report a case of the primary diagnosis of 47,+i(5p)/46 mosaicism at amniocentesis. The infant appeared normal at birth, but a brain malformation was subsequently identified. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Duplication of 9 p11.2-p13.1: a benign cytogenetic variant

The detection of very rare variants in prenatal diagnosis often causes counseling difficulties and anxiety in parents. We describe a duplication of the proximal region of chromosome 9 short arm in two cases of prenatal diagnosis and in one young woman, with evidence that such rearrangement is an uncommon variant. The duplication was investigated using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Although the cytogenetic findings were indicative of a ‘duplication 9p syndrome’ associated with mental and developmental retardation, we were able to demonstrate that the rearrangement was a heteromorphism with no phenotypic consequence. We also determined the breakpoint regions of the rearrangement and identified the BAC probes that precisely define the duplicated region devoid of risk of phenotypic effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西安大气环境要素变化特征分析

利用1951年至2007年西安气象观测资料及2002年至2007年环境监测资料,对西安市大气环境要素进行分析。结果表明,（1）随着西安城市化进程的加快,和NOx年平均浓度变化具有明显增加的趋势。（2）从1951到2007,西安市气温增长了约2℃,仅21世纪以来,就增长了近1℃。热夜天数自上世纪90年代中期以来明显上升。2008年7月上旬西安市区与周边郊区地表温度温差约为8—10℃。（3）年平均风速,极大风速明显减小。分析认为,随着西安城市规模的扩大、人口的增加,高楼林立,城市下垫面发生巨大变化,使城市热容量增加,耗能增大,有效蒸发减少,增温明显,从而导致城市风速减小、大气污染物浓度增加、温度升高、热岛效应越来越显著。提出建立人工环境与自然环境协调一致的城市规划环境气候图,有效缓解因城市化进程引起的城市大气环境问题。     

嘉兴市环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)暗含了对经济增长和环境之间的发展战略。运用EKC理论模型,对嘉兴市工业"三废"排放量与人均GDP之间关系进行分析,发现工业废水、工业废气、工业固体废弃物排放量与人均GDP之间的关系分别为N型、倒U型左侧上升阶段、倒U型左侧接近拐点,表明嘉兴市经济增长还处在加重环境负担的阶段,还未实现环境与经济的协调发展。引起工业废水、工业废气排放量居高不下的原因分别是嘉兴市产业结构特点和能源结构特点。建议优化产业结构,调整能源结构,推进循环经济发展,争取早日跨越环境库兹涅茨曲线拐点,实现环境经济的协调发展。     

环境政策对企业绩效的影响

一个国家的环境政策是国家保护环境的大致方针,直接关系到这个国家的环境立法和环境管理,更直接影响到这个国家的整体环境状况,不同类型的环境政策对企业也产生了各方面的影响。本文研究环境政策的不同形式、内容、具体执行手段及其对企业的环境、经济绩效产生的影响。通过研究西方发达国家的成功环境政策,探讨我国环境政策中存在的不足与缺陷。最后根据不同管理手段的可行性,有效性及最终效果,联系我国具体国情,在符合可持续发展原则的同时,提出更为有效,对企业绩效具有正面刺激的环境政策建议。     

西安生活垃圾排放量影响因素分析及灰色预测研究

城市生活垃圾的产生量是城市环境卫生事业规划和建设的重要依据,本文运用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了影响西安市生活垃圾产生量的因素,并通过建立灰色预测模型,对西安市未来几年的生活垃圾产生量进行了预测,为西安市的城市规划提供了定量的参考依据。     

厦门环同安湾海岸带景观空间格局动态变化分析

利用遥感和地理信息技术,运用平均斑块面积与分离度指数、多样性指数、破碎度指数、优势度指数和分维数等景观格局指数,以厦门环同安湾区1989年、1997年和2007年3个时期遥感影像解译数据作为基本信息源,对过去18年间环同安湾海岸带的景观格局的时空变化过程和演变趋势进行了研究。结果表明：1989—2007年,农田面积大量...