Insights into the mechanism of the deterioration of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox under low residual ammonium

Residual ammonium is a critical parameter affecting the stability of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, mainstream PN/A was established and operated with progressively decreasing residual ammonium. PN/A deteriorated as the residual ammonium decreased to below 5 mg/L, and this was paralleled by a significant loss in anammox activity in situ and an increasing nitrite oxidation rate. Further analysis revealed that the low-ammonium condition directly decreased anammox activity in situ via two distinct mechanisms. First, anammox bacteria were located in the inner layer of the granular sludge, and thus were disadvantageous when competing for ammonium with ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the outer layer. Second, the complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) was enriched at low residual ammonium concentrations because of its high ammonium affinity. Both AOB and comammox presented kinetic advantages over anammox bacteria. At high residual ammonium concentrations, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were effectively suppressed, even when their maximum activity was high due to competition for nitrite with anammox bacteria. At low residual ammonium concentrations, the decrease in anammox activity in situ led to an increase in nitrite availability for nitrite oxidation, facilitating the activation of NOB despite the dissolved oxygen limitation (0.15–0.35 mg/L) for NOB persisting throughout the operation. Therefore, the deterioration of mainstream PN/A at low residual ammonium was primarily triggered by a decline in anammox activity in situ. This study provides novel insights into the optimized design of mainstream PN/As in engineering applications.     

循环式活性污泥法中厌氧生物选择区的运行条件研究

研究了循环式活性污泥法中厌氧生物选择区的停留时间、进水有机物浓度和系统中泥龄、曝气时间等运行参数对选择区内厌氧释磷以及有机物的吸收贮存的影响。结果表明，选择区停留时间lh，系统泥龄5d，曝气2h，进水有机物浓度COD／TP=60--70，选择器中释磷效果及微生物的吸附性能最优，可去除进水中78％的COD。而且污泥沉降性能良好，试验运行过程中，SVI一直保持在30--40ml／g左右。     

离子强度、pH值和Ca2+/Al3+对马尾松幼苗的铝毒影响

测定了在不同溶液酸度、不同离子强度和Ca~(2+)/Al~(3+)比下,铝对马尾松幼苗生长状况的影响。结果表明,溶液酸度增加,离子强度减小时,铝的毒害作用增大。钙对铝毒有明显缓解作用,当Ca~(2+)/Al~(3+)增大时,铝的毒性减小,但其缓解作用与铝浓度有关,当铝浓度增加,钙的缓解能力下降。     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane(γ-HCH)in soils.After being spiked with γ-HCH,soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation.The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%＜70%＜50%＜30%.Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2.The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities.In addition,effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene,trichlorocyclohexene,and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates,which were gradually degraded with tlle phOtOdegradation evolution.     

江宁开发区污水处理厂二期调试运行

江宁开发区污水处理厂建设规模为4万m^3／d，分两期建成，采用氧化沟处理工艺，污泥处理采用不经消化的带式脱水工艺。在此主要叙述了各工艺构筑物的设备配置、功能、设计参数及二期工程的试运行情况。     

UV/TiO_2/H_2O_2法对高浓度有机废水降解的应用研究

用UV TiO2 H2 O2 法对高浓度有机废水降解的实验表明 ,当TiO2 、H2 O2 的投加量分别为 2 0g与 1% ,反应时间为3h时 ,CODCr、Oil、Ar OH、NH3 N、S2 - 的平均去除率分别达到 73 %、83 %、86%、5 0 %、10 0 %。此处理工艺具有除臭、除色、快速高效、不产生污泥等优势。实验过程探索了TiO2 、H2 O2 的用量对各污染物降解率的影响 ,并设计了有实用意义的反应器     

GIS/ES技术在突发性环境污染事故应急管理中的应用探讨

探讨了ＧＩＳ／ＥＳ技术应用于突发性环境污染事故应急管理的可行性及途径，指出利用ＧＩＳ／ＥＳ技术建立的事故应急管理系统有效地对突发性环境污染事故进行智能化管理和应急响应。     

磺酰脲类除草剂的残留分析

磺酰脲类除草剂是一类新型超高效除草剂，大约包括２Ｖ化合物，已被广泛用于禾谷作物防除阔叶杂草以及某些禾本科杂草，该类除草剂在环境中的残留浓度〈１μｇ．ｋｇ＾－１水平。常规的分析方法包括生物鉴定，酶免疫分析，气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）、ＨＰＬＣ／ＭＳ联用后，可以准确测定复杂环境样中磺酰脲类除草剂的痕量残留。     

锅炉烟气脱硫技术发展综述

在调查研究的基础上，论述国内外烟道气脱硫技术的发展与前景，提出开发生产适合我国国情的烟气脱硫技术势在必行。还简要介绍了最为普遍的石灰／石灰石法脱硫基本原理。     

污水生物处理过程中的同步硝化反硝化研究概况

在好氧生物氧化过程中通过控制反应器内 DO浓度、C/N比、污泥负荷的条件下 ,观察到较明显的同步硝化反硝化现象 ,通过控制反应条件 ,可使硝化、反硝化速率都得以同步提高。