用玻璃电极法准确测定溶液中pH值的分析路径

介绍了玻璃电极法测定溶液中pH值的原理和详细的分析路径.     

宝应县经济与生态环境协调发展评价分析

以可持续发展理论为指导,构建综合评价指标体系,采用熵值法综合评价宝应县可持续发展状况,结果表明：宝应县经济系统呈可持续发展趋势,生态环境系统呈非可持续发展态势,经济与生态环境处于非协调发展中,指出从系统整体优化的视角,构建经济与生态环境同步协调发展的措施,是推进宝应县可持续发展的保证。     

可变电荷与恒电荷土壤胶体对DNA吸附与解吸特征

采用平衡法研究了红壤胶体、砖红壤胶体、潮土胶体和褐土胶体在不同pH值条件下DNA吸附与解吸特征.结果表明,在NaCl和KCl电解质体系中,4种土壤胶体在吸附过DNA后,溶液pH值均有不同程度的增加,pH增加的幅度为红壤胶体>砖红壤胶体>潮土胶体>褐土胶体;NaCl电解质体系>KCl电解质体系.土壤胶体对DNA的吸附量均随着pH值的升高而降低,在pH为2~4,不同胶体对DNA的吸附量保持最大值,约为13.1~14.8μg.mg-1.当平衡溶液pH值从4.2开始上升至8.6,在NaCl体系中,砖红壤胶体和红壤胶体上DNA的吸附量下降幅度约5.5μg.mg-1,而在KCl体系中,DNA的吸附量下降幅度约2.1μg.mg-1.2种电解质体系,潮土胶体与褐土胶体上DNA的吸附量下降幅度约为8.3~12.2μg.mg-1.DNA吸附量下降幅度为恒电荷土壤(潮土和褐土)胶体>可变电荷土壤(红壤和砖红壤)胶体.用NaOAc和NaH2PO4对土壤胶体吸附DNA的解吸时,可变电荷土壤胶体与恒电荷土壤胶体解吸规律有明显差异.在3种溶液pH值为3、5和7时,可变电荷土壤(红壤和砖红壤)胶体上NaOAc解吸率约10%~24.5%,Na...     

垃圾渗滤液污染地下环境物质变化对污染缓冲的影响

通过砂柱模拟实验研究垃圾渗滤液污染地下环境中氧化还原环境和主要组成物质的变化对沉积物的pH缓冲能力和氧化还原能力的影响及其相互关系.结果表明,氧化还原环境的变化对地下环境沉积物的pH缓冲和氧化还原缓冲能力有重要影响,产甲烷带/硫酸盐还原带(MGZ/SRZ)、铁还原带(IRZ)、硝酸盐还原带(NRZ)和氧还原带(ORZ)沉积物的pH缓冲容量相对于本底值分别增加了12.4%、 10.8%、 19.8%和11.1%;pH缓冲和氧化还原缓冲之间相互影响、相互促进,它们直接影响着地下环境中污染物的自然衰减作用;沉积物中的铁氧化物、有机质、SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+-N等的含量对pH缓冲能力和氧化还原缓冲能力均有不同的影响,整个体系的污染缓冲能力是各组分的综合作用结果.     

Impacts of soil organic matter, pH and exogenous copper on sorption behavior of norfloxacin in three soils

Norfloxacin (Nor) sorption and the factors (soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and exogenous copper (Cu) influencing the sorption were investigated in a black soil (soil B), a fluvo-aquic soil (soil F), and a red soil (soil R). With increasing of Nor concentrations, sorption amount of norfloxacin increased in both the bulk soils and their SOM-removed soils, but the sorption capacity in SOM-removed soils was higher than that of their corresponding bulk soils, indicating that the process of norfloxacin sorption in soil was influenced by the soil properties including SOM. The sorption data in all bulk soils and SOM-removed soils were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models. The correlation coefficients suggested that the experimental data fitted better to Freundlich equation than to Langmuir equation. Furthermore, the data from soil F and SOM-removed F could not be described by Langmuir equation. The norfloxacin sorption amount decreased in soil B and soil F, whereas it increased in soil R as solution pH increased. The maximum KD and KOC were achieved in soil R when the equilibrium solution pH was 6. And the norfloxacin sorption was also influenced by the exogenous Cu2+ ions, which depended on the soil types and Cu2+ concentrations. With increasing of Cu2+ concentrations in solution, generally, sorption amount, KD and KOC for norfloxacin in soils increased and were up to a peak at 100 mg/L Cu2+, and then the sorption amount decreased regardless of norfloxacin levels.     

Sensitivity of green and blue-green algae to methyl tert-butyl ether

The toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of MTBE from high (2.00×104 mg/L) to low (2 mg/L). The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was in the range 1.00×104-2.00×104 mg/L (the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurred during the day 1-5). Low concentrations (2-500 mg/L) stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% w...     

基于能值分析的城市物质代谢研究

采用能值分析方法,构建了基于城市物质代谢通量指标、代谢存量指标和代谢效率指标的城市物质代谢指标体系,并以北京、天津、上海和重庆四个直辖市为例计算了2005年四城市物质代谢状况。分析结果表明:北京市代谢效率最低;上海市代谢通量和代谢存量最大,但是代谢效率不容乐观;重庆市代谢通量和代谢存量在四个城市中居于末位,但是代谢效率最高;天津市在四个城市中代谢呈中等水平。最后根据分析结果对城市今后的可持续发展提出了意见和建议。     

生物除锰滤柱影响因素试验研究

生物除锰滤柱培养成熟后,通过改变试验用水pH值、进水浓度、亚铁离子等影响因素,得出以下结论（1）在铁锰细菌适宜的pH范围内,其对锰的氧化效率也随着pH的升高而提高。（2）在本实验条件下,进水锰浓度最高可以提高到3mg／L.（3）Fe^2＋对生物过滤除锰有明显的影响,在进水中不舍Fe^2＋的情况下,生物滤柱出水锰很快就会超标。     

模糊语言视角下城市轨道交通施工风险评价

为了降低城市轨道交通工程在施工过程中的风险,从模糊语言视角对城市轨道交通施工风险进行分析.首先,通过文献分析和现场调查,建立风险评价指标体系;其次,利用区间直觉模糊区间熵计算专家权重和准则权重;然后,利用区间直觉模糊不确定语言集进行风险因素排序和风险评价;最后,以西安地铁1号线五路口车站施工为例,与FANPCE方法进行对比分析,验证所构建模型的可行性和有效性.研究表明,所构建模型有助于同时表达风险数据的模糊性和语言描述性,计算结果采用区间值的形式能够弱化风险数据的不确定性,使计算结果更符合工程实际,有助于更准确地预知主要风险因素和风险状态.     

基于博弈论组合赋权的航道水域通航安全评价

为有效降低航道水域通航过程中发生事故的风险,将组合赋权方法应用于航道水域通航安全评价中.通过调研和查阅资料确定了航道通航安全评价指标体系,基于该指标体系建立了基于博弈论组合赋权法的航道水域通航安全评价模型.利用博弈论将层次分析法、熵权法、可拓学3种方法计算所得权重进行最优组合,兼顾专家决策者的主观属性及数据蕴含的不确定性和动态可拓性,然后基于可拓学关联度的概念对航道关于各评价等级的关联关系进行综合评价,得到最终评价结果,并对计算结果从权重角度进行灵敏度分析,考察结果的稳定性和可靠性.最后,以宁波-舟山港为例,选取部分航道对该安全评价模型进行验证,结果表明该评估模型合理、有效.