镁铝复合氢氧化物对于水体中砷的去除研究

砷污染己经是全球性污染问题,受到了各界普遍关注。砷具有强毒性,且可致癌;若含As离子的废水不经处理,排入自然水体,会严重污染生态环境,危害人体健康。镁铝复合氢氧化物是在强化混凝过程中形成的,并且高聚合度的铝系混凝剂有利于形成更多的镁铝复合物;本次研究主要利用这种材料,研究其对于As离子的去除效果,以及去除后的表征情况,可以得出如下结论:pH、As离子浓度是较关键的影响因素,这些因素均影响着镁铝复合氢氧化物的形成情况以及其对于离子的去除效果。通过一些表征说明,镁铝复合物的形态呈无定形,具有巨大的比表面积,成分也较为复杂;在一定pH保证下,聚合度较高的Al13较AlCl3形成复合物的颗粒要大,说明形成的镁铝复合氢氧化物对于污染离子的去除起到了更加积极的促进作用。     

pH及光照对两种赤潮甲藻种群生长和胞外碳酸酐酶活性的影响

研究了pH和光照强度对两种赤潮甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense和Karlodinium micrum)的种群生长及其胞外碳酸酐酶(CA)活性的影响。结果表明,pH 7.5、光照强度30μmol/(m2.s)是两种微藻的最适种群生长条件,在种群生长的最适pH和光照强度下,胞外CA活性最大。最适培养条件下,两种甲藻胞外碳酸酐酶活性随着种群生长周期而变化,指数生长期至平台期CA酶活增加,平台期至衰退期CA酶活降低,平台期胞外CA活性最大。     

新生态MnO2强化混凝去除苯酚的影响因素研究

以苯酚为目标物,考察钙离子、单宁酸、高岭土投量、新生态二氧化锰投量、pH等条件对新生态二氧化锰强化氯化铝混凝去除苯酚的影响.结果表明,钙离子能够促进新生态二氧化锰强化混凝对苯酚的去除,在钙离子投加范围内（0～1.0mmol.L-1）,苯酚的去除率能提高10%左右;单宁酸与苯酚共存时,能显著促进苯酚的去除,当单宁酸投加1...     

Humic acid and metal ions accelerating the dechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl by nanoscale zero-valent iron

Transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by zero-valent iron represents one of the latest innovative technologies for environmental remediation. The dechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-ClBP) by nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) in the presence of humic acid or metal ions was investigated. The results showed that the dechlorination of 4-ClBP by NZVI increased with decreased solution pH. When the initial pH value was 4.0, 5.5, 6.8, and 9.0, the dechlorination efficiencies of 4-ClBP after 48 hr were 53.8%, 47.8%, 35.7%, and 35.6%, respectively. The presence of humic acid inhibited the reduction of 4-ClBP in the first 4 hr, and then significantly accelerated the dechlorination by reaching 86.3% in 48 hr. Divalent metal ions, Co2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+, were reduced and formed bimetals with NZVI, thereby enhanced the dechlorination of 4-ClBP. The dechlorination percentages of 4-ClBP in the presence of 0.1 mmol/L Co2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ were 66.1%, 66.0% and 64.6% in 48 hr, and then increased to 67.9%, 71.3% and 73.5%, after 96 hr respectively. The dechlorination kinetics of 4-ClBP by the NZVI in all cases followed pseudo-first order model. The results provide a basis for better understanding of the dechlorination mechanisms of PCBs in real environment.     

Selective uptake of major and trace elements in Erica andevalensis, an endemic species to extreme habitats in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

To assess the ecophysiological traits and the phytoremediation potential of the endemic heather Erica andevalensis,we determined the concentrations of major and trace elements in different plant parts and in rizosphere soils from Riotinto mining district (Huelva,Spain).The results showed that E.andevalensis may grow on substrates with very high As,Cu,Fe and Pb concentrations (up to 4114,1050,71900 and 15614 μg/g dry weight,respectively),very low availability of macro-and micronutrients and with pH values ra...     

Biodegradation of aniline by Candida tropicalis AN1 isolated from aerobic granular sludge

The strain AN1 is successfully isolated from the aerobic granular sludge and it can use aniline as sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source.     

活性污泥缓冲性能研究

探索一种新的参数,使之能够较为全面地反映活性污泥的性质,简化活性污泥评价系统.通过测定不同活性污泥的pH值和ORP(氧化还原电位)缓冲容量,研究污泥缓冲能力及与污泥性质的关系,探索它成为评价活性污泥系统参数的可行性.结果表明,活性污泥对酸、碱、氧化剂和还原剂有一定的缓冲能力,其缓冲容量与污泥性质有相关性,且缓冲容量高的污泥的沉降性、脱水性和絮凝性好,即活性污泥水处理和后期污泥处理容易进行,因此,可将污泥pH值和ORP缓冲性能作为评价污泥系统的参数.研究表明,污泥pH值和ORP符合能斯特方程的线性关系.     

环境监测校准曲线斜率的质量控制探讨

在环境监测中使用分光光度法进行样品测定时,都要利用校准曲线的回归方程计算其待测样品的含量。为使监测结果更为准确,必须对校准曲线的准确性进行检验,即对校准曲线的斜率进行统计检验。在实际工作中,常采用Dixon检验法和斜率相对偏差(RbD)法检验校准曲线斜率,也可以利用校准曲线斜率均值控制图进行质量控制,使分析测试工作处于受控状态中,使监测结果更加真实可靠。     

氨法脱硫联合脱硝工艺研究

研究了一种氨基湿法脱硫联合脱硝工艺。考察了pH、SO2-3浓度、O含量、SO2浓度、催化剂对氨基湿法脱硫浆液脱除NOx的效率影响。研究表明:NO2的脱除率随着pH值的升高而升高,NO的脱除率随着pH的升高先升高后降低;O2和SO2的同时存在会促进NOx的脱除效率;当CoSO4的浓度超过0.05 mmol/L时,对NOx的脱除效率具有较好的促进作用。     

北极海冰面积创历史新低

美国科学家近日宣布,北冰洋地区的海冰面积8月26日下降到410万km2,创下自1979年开始进行卫星观测以来的最低值.上一次北极海冰面积最低纪录发生在2007年9月18日,约为417万km2,比1979~2000年的最低均值少240万km2,缩小的面积相当于英国的10倍.