An experimental study on fermentative H2 production from food waste as affected by pH

Batch dark fermentation experiments were performed on food waste and mixtures of food waste and wastewater activated sludge to evaluate the influence of pH on biological H₂ production and compare the process performance with and without inoculum addition. The effect of a preliminary thermal shock treatment of the inoculum was also investigated as a means to harvest the hydrogenogenic biomass. The best performance in terms of both H₂ generation potential and process kinetics was observed at pH = 6.5 under all experimental conditions (no inoculum, and untreated or thermally treated inoculum added). H₂ production from food waste was found to be feasible even without inoculum addition, although thermal pre-treatment of the inoculum notably increased the maximum production and reduced the lag phase duration. The analysis of the fermentation products indicated that the biological hydrogen production could be mainly ascribed to a mixed acetate/butyrate-type fermentation. However, the presence of additional metabolites in the digestate, including propionate and ethanol, also indicated that other metabolic pathways were active during the process, reducing substrate conversion into hydrogen. The plateau in H₂ generation was found to mirror the condition at which soluble carbohydrates were depleted. Beyond this condition, homoacetogenesis probably started to play a role in the degradation process.     

互花米草活性炭对镉的吸附

进行了磷酸活化法不同浸渍比（0.5—3.0）及活化温度（400℃—700℃）条件下制备的互花米草活性炭对镉的吸附性能研究,采用静态吸附法,考察不同初始浓度条件下活性炭对镉的平衡吸附量,旨在探索吸附机理、影响因素、除镉吸附剂的最佳制备条件以及活性炭物化性质对镉吸附性能的影响.实验表明,浸渍比和活化温度是影响成品活性炭镉吸...     

石油类污染场地地下水抽水过程水质变化成因

在某石油类污染场地抽水试验过程中对地下水五项常规水质指标进行了连续监测.通过对指标的相关性和主成分分析,基于抽水、弥散试验,揭示了该场地抽水过程中水质变化的原因,探讨了以水质指标描述石油类污染场地地下水净化的方法.结果显示,水质变化是由昼夜水温变化、抽水和生化耗氧作用三者引起.其中,水温变化是由昼夜变化引起;电导率减小...     

Modeling of the denitrification/anaerobic digestion process of salmon fishery wastewater in a biofilm tubular reactor

The literature has paid scarce attention to the modeling of the denitrification-anaerobic digestion process in packed bed biofilm tubular reactors used to treat wastewater. The present study obtained a steady-state model for industrial salmon fishery wastewater treatment in a biofilm tubular reactor, including pH as a variable and the effect of biomass on hydrolysis. The axial profile of the reactor components and process efficiency were predicted with deviations below 6%. The optimal operating zone for the process was found at hydraulic retention time (HRT)>1.5d and inlet protein concentration (S(prot,0))<3000 mgTOCL(-1). Based on our results, we concluded that the removal of organic matter and nitrogen compounds depended mainly on HRT. The effluent pH was mainly affected by the C/N ratio, where a decrease increases pH. Organic matter removal was related with the anaerobic digestion process, while denitrification influenced mostly nitrate and nitrite removal.     

太湖和呼伦湖沉积物对磷的吸附特征及影响因素

为了探索我国南北方湖泊沉积物对磷吸附特征的差异性,选取太湖和呼伦湖为研究对象,通过室内模拟实验,研究我国南北方典型代表湖泊沉积物对磷的吸附特征及其影响因素.结果表明:①太湖和呼伦湖沉积物对磷的最大吸附量分别为1 428.57 mg·kg-1和56.81 mg·kg-1,前者对磷吸附容量远远高于后者,对上覆水体中磷削减发挥更重要的作用;②与呼伦湖相比,太湖沉积物颗粒直径更小,比表面积更大,其对磷吸附能力更强;③两个湖泊沉积物磷吸附平衡时对磷的吸附量与Al、Fe、Mn总含量呈正相关关系(P<0.05),与活性Al、Fe、Si、Mn呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与Si元素含量呈显著负相关(P<0.01),故Al、Fe、Mn总含量相对较高、Si含量相对较低的太湖沉积物对磷的吸附能力更强;④随着上覆水pH值的上升,两个湖泊沉积物对磷吸附能力均呈现下降的趋势,且pH上升对太湖沉积物磷吸附行为影响更大,因此,沉积物特性和上覆水pH值影响湖泊水体磷行为.     

船载式河流污水净化装置设计研究

文章主要对船载式河流污水净化装置进行了设计.该装置首先通过多参数水质分析仪来检测水体的污染程度,然后通过进水闸门的控制开关来决定是否进行水质的净化;在净化的过程中,依次采用物理、化学、生物三种净化方式,大幅度降低污水中Cd2＋、pb2＋、Cu2＋等重金属离子和含N、P元素有毒有机物的浓度,有效中和污水的酸碱度.设计装置具有净化程度高,灵活性强,利于操作,无二次污染,成本低等特点,在一定程度上缓解水的污染的现象.     

贵州省境内乌江干流水质现状分析

根据贵州省环境监测部门资料显示乌江已成为贵州省水污染程度最为严重的流域,突出的问题是总磷、氟化物超标。本文用最小二乘法模型和t检验方法对贵州省境内乌江干流2006—2013年水质状况进行分析,结果表明乌江干流总磷、氨氮、氟化物,高锰盐指数浓度变化趋式为"无趋势",乌江干流水质稳定,并提出流域污染防治的对策和建议。     

克山县降水污染现状分析

在克山县设置5个监测点位,监测克山县2011年6月-2012年5月的降水状况。结果表明,克山县区降水pH值基本呈中性,酸雨出现频率为6.9%,酸雨主要出现在雨量大的降水中。     

贵州省典型污染区土壤重金属的污染特征分析

为了解贵州省不同来源典型污染区土壤重金属的污染特征,为重金属污染防治提供科学依据,对贵阳市、六盘水市、毕节市、都匀市等11个研究区耕地土壤进行调查,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对189个土壤样品的Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb等6种重金属进行测定,并运用聚类分析和主成分分析等方法对结果进行分析。结果表明:开阳县金中镇土壤污染最轻,综合污染因子为0.897,属于磷质石灰岩地球化学背景下Cd较高的土壤类型;处于轻度污染水平的研究区是贵阳市青岩镇二关村、白云区曹官村、花溪区久安乡和清镇市后午;受污灌影响,贵阳市乌当区土壤已处于中度污染水平,特征污染因子是Cd;水城县倮摩村、赫章县野马川、大湾镇安乐村、幸福村和都匀市坝固村分别受到铅锌矿和煤矿开采的影响,属重度污染区,坝固村由于存在独立镉矿床,镉单项污染因子为77.88,综合污染指数达到56.22。主成分分析结果显示,研究区内重金属Cd和Cu是背景值较高的典型元素,Zn、Pb是铅锌矿区污染较重的元素,而Cr和As是外源叠加较严重的重金属元素。研究区内表层土壤以酸性为主,土壤重金属与pH值没有明显相关性,主要受到污染源强度的影响,以污染源为中心,呈现辐射状递减的分布特征。     

不同储存条件下餐厨垃圾的变化特征及其厌氧消化产气潜力

餐厨垃圾在储存、运输过程中容易腐败变质,对其资源化利用有一定影响。考察了不同条件下储存时餐厨垃圾pH和细菌总数的变化规律,研究了室温以及5℃条件下,不同储存时间的餐厨垃圾的厌氧发酵产气潜力。结果表明:随储存温度的降低,餐厨垃圾pH值的下降趋势有所减缓,在5℃条件下,8 h内可使餐厨垃圾的pH维持在6.0以上;15℃下餐厨垃圾储存8 h以内,细菌总数小于1.0×10~6cfu/g。室温(30℃)新鲜垃圾的累积产气量最高,达到1 422 mL。在5℃下储存4 h内的餐厨垃圾,其厌氧发酵累积产气量与新鲜餐厨垃圾的产气结果相当,而在5℃下储存8 h时,产气量与新鲜垃圾相比下降了3%,之后,随着储存时间的延长,累积产气量逐渐下降。