烟气脱硫系统增压风机仿真模型开发及应用

在大型火力发电机组烟气脱硫脱硝系统的仿真过程中,增压风机是风烟系统仿真的核心。根据脱硫增压风机静态性能曲线的特点,采用偏最小二乘法的曲面拟合理论与风机有关定律,实现了回归建模、数据结构简化以及两组变量之间的相关性分析,可将增压风机的性能曲线簇转化为满足应用精度的函数,对风机的压头、导叶角度、风量和全压效率等关键参数进行实时仿真。太仓港环保电厂的工程应用表明：风机压头仿真模型曲线拟合值与实际值比较接近,绝对误差在0.005～0.06 kPa之间,相对误差在0.1%～1.5%之间;全压效率仿真模型曲线拟合值与实际值较风机压头大,绝对误差在0.1%～2.5%之间,相对误差在0.15%～3%之间,基本满足工程应用精度。     

Factors affecting the degradation of amoxicillin in composting toilet

The biological and non-biological factors that affect the degradation of amoxicillin in the composting process of feces have been investigated. The effect of living bacteria and the enzyme (beta-lactamase) on amoxicillin decay was examined, and our results indicated that the biological effects are likely to be negligible. Consequently, the effect of phosphate, ammonia and pH level as non-biological factors was investigated by monitoring the reduction rate of amoxicillin in phosphate and ammonia buffer solutions with several pH levels. Each reduction rate constant was integrated by a simulation model, and the each calculated amoxicillin reduction profile was compared to the reduction profiles of amoxicillin in the composting process of feces. The calculated results corresponded almost exactly to the experimental profiles. We therefore concluded that the degradation of amoxicillin in a toilet matrix was dependent on the concentration of ammonia, phosphate and hydroxyl ion.     

Precipitation Chemistry and Occurrence of Acid Rain Over Dhanbad, Coal City of India

The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation over Dhanbad, coal city of India. The precipitation samples were collected on event basis for three years (July 2003 to October 2005) at Central Mining Research Institute. The precipitation samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, major anions (F, Cl, NO₃, SO₄) and cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH₄). The pH value varied from 4.01 to 6.92 (avg. 5.37) indicating acidic to alkaline nature of rainwater. The pH of the rainwater was found well above the reference pH (5.6), showing alkalinity during the non-monsoon and early phase of monsoon, but during the late phase of monsoon, pH tendency was towards acidity (<5.6~pH) indicating the non-availability of proper neutralizer for acidic ions. The observed acidic events at this site were 91, (n = 162) accounting 56% for the entire monitoring months. The (NO₃ + Cl)/SO₄ ratio in majority of samples was found below 1.0, indicating that the acidity is greatly influenced by SO₄. The calculated ratio of (Ca + NH₄)/(NO₃ + SO₄) ranges between 0.42–5.13 (average 1.14), however in most of the samples, the ratio is greater than unity (>1.0) indicating that Ca and NH₄ play an important role in neutralization of acidic ions in rainwater. Ca and SO₄ dominate the bulk ionic deposition and these two ions along with NH₄ accounts 63% of the annual ionic deposition.     

一株耐低温反硝化聚磷菌的筛选及其特性研究

通过吸磷试验、硝酸盐还原产气试验及异染颗粒和PHB颗粒染色辅助检验,并采用模拟自然降温方式,从稳定运行的厌氧/缺氧SBR反应器中分离筛选出在低温下(8℃)仍具有高效能的一株反硝化聚磷菌H16.经鉴定,H16属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas).在低温下,探讨了pH值、微量元素对菌株的生长及除磷效能的影响,结果表明,菌株H16生长最适pH为7～8,除磷反应的最佳pH值为7;微量元素的缺乏对H16的生长和除磷效能都有一定的不良影响.同时测定了H16的生长曲线.     

实时控制SBR系统中的短程硝化反硝化

以人工模拟高氨氮废水为研究对象,采用循环间歇式曝气方式,以溶解氧浓度(DO)和pH值为过程控制参数,对SBR系统进行实时控制、全程跟踪.根据此过程中COD、NH4 -N、NO2--N和NO3--N 4项水质指标的变化情况,研究SBR系统中的短程硝化反硝化工艺.实验结果表明,在短程硝化反硝化工艺中,采用较高曝气量,并且在曝气过程中用DO和pH值作为过程控制参数是可行的.     

pH、ORP监控在亚硝酸型生物脱氮过程中的应用

目前亚硝酸型生物脱氮因为其节约能源和碳源备受人们的关注。国内外学者提出了多种实现及维持的控制途径,但仍存在一些问题。文章分析了pH、ORP作为亚硝酸型硝化过程控制参数的理论基础,并阐述了亚硝酸型生物脱氮过程中pH、ORP过程控制国内外研究现状和发展趋势。     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.     

四川沱牌集团污水综合治理工程联动运行及工艺调试

本文介绍了四川沱牌集团污水综合治理工程所采用的预处理-厌氧-好氧处理工艺的联动运行及工艺调试情况,探讨了pH调整、UASB的启动、好氧池丝状菌的控制方法,阐述了UASB的快速启动经验,验证了UASB CASS工艺处理高浓度酿酒废水是可行的。     

ANALYSIS OF PUMPING TESTS: SIGNIFICANCE OF WELL DIAMETER,PARTIAL PENETRATION,AND NOISE1

ABSTRACT: The nonlinear least squares (NLS) method was applied to pumping and recovery aquifer test data in confined and unconfined aquifers with finite diameter and partially penetrating pumping wells, and with partially penetrating piezometers or observation wells. It was demonstrated that noiseless and moderately noisy drawdown data from observation points located less than two saturated thicknesses of the aquifer from the pumping well produced an exact or acceptable set of parameters when the diameter of the pumping well was included in the analysis. The accuracy of the estimated parameters, particularly that of specific storage, decreased with increases in the noise level in the observed drawdown data. With consideration of the well radii, the noiseless drawdown data from the pumping well in an unconfined aquifer produced good estimates of horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities and specific yield, but the estimated specific storage was unacceptable. When noisy data from the pumping well were used, an acceptable set of parameters was not obtained. Further experiments with noisy drawdown data in an unconfined aquifer revealed that when the well diameter was included in the analysis, hydraulic conductivity, specific yield and vertical hydraulic conductivity may be estimated rather effectively from piezometers located over a range of distances from the pumping well. Estimation of specific storage became less reliable for piezometers located at distances greater than the initial saturated thickness of the aquifer. Application of the NLS to field pumping and recovery data from a confined aquifer showed that the estimated parameters from the two tests were in good agreement only when the well diameter was included in the analysis. Without consideration of well radii, the estimated values of hydraulic conductivity from the pumping and recovery tests were off by a factor of four.     

希夏邦马峰北坡达索普冰川区冰、雪、河水的化学特征

１９９７－０９～１９９７－１０间在希峰地区达索普冰川采集的４类水样（表层雪、冰塔冰、冰面河水和河水）的实测资料表明,本区各类水体ｐＨ值的大小顺序为：河水＞冰面河水＞冰塔冰＞表层雪．表层雪和冰面河水所测的阴离子中以ＮＯ－３为最大,而冰塔冰样品以Ｃｌ－最大;阳离子含量基本上以Ｃａ２＋为主．ＳＯ２－４、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、电导率和ｐＨ值都与所测的阴、阳离子总量有较好的相关关系,随所测的阴、阳离子总量升高而增大．表层雪的电导率、Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－、所测的阴、阳离子总量和ＳＯ２－４与海拔高度都有较好的相关关系,随着海拔高度上升而上升．