A Comparative Analysis of the Vegetation and Topsoil Cover Nutrient Status between Two Similarly Rehabilitated Ash Disposal Sites

The aim of this paper is to compare the rehabilitation result between two ash disposal sites with regard to its vegetation establishment and soil nutrient status. The study areas were situated in close proximity, in the Mpumalanga coalfield, South Africa. Although both areas received a similar amelioration treatment and were seeded with similar seed mixture the vegetation composition were significantly different. Both areas were poor in essential nutrients, this probably being one of the most limiting factors for vegetation establishment. No serious phytotoxic conditions, as is frequently experience with coal ash, could be identified. A regular monitoring and low level maintenance program is therefore proposed to improve the sustainability of the vegetation. The study proposed that results form such evaluations be used to identify performance standards for rehabilitated derelict land.     

延津县沙荒地的开发与治理

本文客观地分析了延津县沙区的自然资源状况，开发潜力及存在的问题，提出了开发治理的方向和关键技术，为我国同类地区风沙化土地的开发治理提供了经验。     

Magnetic particle technology in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation

The use of magnetic particles in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation is currently under investigation at Victoria University, in collaboration with the Phillip Island Research Centre, Victoria, Australia. Iron powder has been shown to be very effective for the magnetic cleansing of feathers and plumage and is almost ideal for this purpose, being non-toxic, a non-irritant and recyclable. Detailed investigations have demonstrated that by varying particle size, particle structure and surface texture, the efficacy of oil removal from feathers and plumage can be successfully manipulated. In this regard, it is possible to identify a grade of iron powder whereby, within experimental error, effectively 100% removal of a variety of fresh contaminants from different matrices, including feathers, can be achieved. Our investigations have been extended to the application of such particles to the successful removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination. The results of these investigations have indicated that, for such contaminants, removals ranging from 97–99% may be achieved. Magnetic particle technology may also be adapted for the screening of pre-conditioning agents that can further assist in the removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination from feathers. These investigations suggest that magnetic particles could have an important role to play in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation as a clean and effective technology.     

矿区生态重建基础理论与方法研究

基于10年的矿区土地复垦科学研究的实践,分析了由矿区土地复垦到矿区生态重建研究现念的转变、矿区生态重建的理论基础,对矿区生态重建的概念、特点、范围及研究内容进行了界定,并探讨了矿区生态重建研究的认识、方法及其方案应具备的特点。     

喀斯特峰丛区复合农林系统优化与植被恢复试验

中国西南岩溶区石漠化严重,呈加剧趋势,危害很大,不但导致生态退化、水土流失、自然灾害频繁,而且影响人类的生存,成为我国最严重的生态环境问题之一。喀斯特峰丛区是治理难度最大的地区之一,选择广西平果县龙何屯峰丛区为示范点,以生态学原理为指导,优化土地利用结构,调整农村产业模式,生物工程、水利工程结合,提倡复合农林经营,选择优良乡土树种,模拟天然植被构建先锋植物群落,针对生境异质性的主导因子,强化岩溶山地造林与封育管理技术,开发特有适生的名特优产品,实行乔灌藤草优化配置、生态防护林体系与特色农林产品基地建设结合,经过3年的示范试验,植被覆盖率由10%提高到37%,农民人均收入增长20%。     

黄土丘陵小流域沟坡水热条件及其生态修复初探

在黄土丘陵沟壑区,沟坡是小流域尺度上水土流失最为活跃的部分,对其水热条件的了解是进行综合治理的基础。论文以黄土丘陵区甘肃定西安家沟小流域为例,观测了沟坡不同地形部位和植被类型土壤水分季节动态和剖面变化特征,同时观测了光照、大气湿度、温度和风速等小气候条件,并探讨了沟坡生态修复方式。结论与建议如下。①历次取样中,0～100cm平均土壤水分均以沟道灌木林地最高,沟坡中的阳坡和阴坡的草地和灌木林地次之,梁峁坡农地最低,且6种类型样地间有显著差异(P<0.01);对于相同的植被类型来说,阳坡的林草植被土壤水分均要小于阴坡,但没有显著差异(P>0.05);而在同一坡向,草地的土壤水分要显著高于灌木林地(P<0.01);和梁峁坡农地的土壤水分季节变化特征相比,沟坡植被土壤水分的季节变化不明显。②对于梁峁坡农地和阴坡的灌木林地来说,土壤水分在剖面内随着深度变化平缓,而其它4种类型样地土壤水分在剖面内随着深度呈增加的趋势。对于这6种类型样地,土壤水分剖面差异格局与0～100cm平均含水量相似;且随着深度的增加,6种类型样地间土壤水分的差异性增大。③对于梁峁坡和沟坡来说,4～5月份风速均是观测期内最大的,但沟坡风速要小于梁峁坡坡面;在观测期内,高湿期出现在5月,且沟坡大气相对湿度高于梁峁坡;和     

苏州河6支流截污工程的优化调整

苏州河6交流截污工程是苏州河环境综合整治一期工程中最重要的治水工程之一。在工程进一步设计与实施过程中，根据多次污染源调查的结果，提出了按水系截污、沿河截污与区域截污相结合、雨水泵站旱流污水截污的3项原则，对苏州河6交流截污工程进行了优化调整，使截污效果得到大幅度的提高。实际纳管污染源数量由原计划的820个增加到2977个，实际截除污水量由原计划的6．8万m^3／d增加到26万m^3／d，6交流区域的截污率由22％提高到85％以上，6条主要交流的平均污水截除率接近70％，其他一些主要交流污水截除率也达到90％以上。     

POPs的环境污染修复技术及展望

POPs具有持久性、半挥发性、生物富集性和高毒性的特征,其修复问题受到公众的普遍关注。目前POPs的修复方法有物化法和生物法。生物修复技术的完善将为POPs的降解带来了更大的优势。