用改性赤泥吸附废水中的六价铬

用国内烧结法产生的赤泥作主要原料,以氯化铁为改性剂制得改性赤泥,用其吸附含铬废水中的重铬酸根阴离子。当废水中六价铬的质量浓度为80mg／L时,在环境温度为30℃、改性赤泥投加量为10g／L、pH为2左右的酸性环境中,2h达到吸附平衡,去除率可达96．18％。并且利用Langmuir等温式和Freundlich等温式对其吸附机理进行了探讨,结果表明,氯化铁改性赤泥对重铬酸根阴离子的吸附是通过物理吸附和化学吸附的协同作用来进行的。     

十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与荧蒽对小球藻的联合毒性及其作用机制

以普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为受试生物,采用批量培养方法研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)与多环芳烃荧蒽(Flu)的联合毒性及其作用机制.结果表明,当CTAC初始浓度固定为100μg/L时,随Flu浓度的升高(0~100.84μg/L), CTAC与Flu的联合毒性由协同效应(0~22.50μg/L)转为拮抗效应(22.50~100.84μg/L).当Flu浓度为1.13μg/L时,协同效应达到最大(RI＝2.01),与对照组相比,生物量抑制率从37.5%增加至80.9%;对氮和铁单位吸收量分别从0.27mg和9.18μg降至0.09mg和2.14μg;藻细胞Zeta电位从-10.0mV提高至-8.3mV;叶绿素a和可溶性蛋白质含量分别从5.00mg/L和80.65μg/mg降为2.57mg/L和50.36μg/mg.根据实验结果分析, CTAC与Flu复合污染体系提高了藻细胞Zeta电位,抑制了小球藻对氮和铁的吸收,降低了藻细胞体内叶绿素和蛋白质的含量.     

电解制备聚合铝过程中Alb形态生成条件研究

考察了电解法制备聚合铝过程中AIb的最佳形成条件。AIb的形成与电流密度、极板间距、电解液的温度、铝的浓度以及电解时间等因素有关。在制备AI浓度为2．0mol/L的聚合氯化铝时，最佳的电流密度和极板间距分别为1．1A／dm^2和10mm。由于电化学过程中产生的不均匀的界面pH差值较大而生成较多的AI（OH）4^-作为AIb结构的结晶核心，因此能形成更多的AIb聚合形态。     

基于改性凹凸棒土的强化混凝处理高藻低浊原水工艺

针对水厂低浊高藻水的处理难题,研究了改性凹凸棒土(改性凹土)联合聚合氯化铝(PAC)强化混凝的除藻除浊效果。设计实验原水条件为叶绿素a(chl-a)浓度为98.58~110.35μg/L,浊度(5.6±0.5)NTU。考察了PAC和改性凹土的复配投加量、混凝沉淀时间、pH、投加顺序、搅拌速率等工艺参数对Chl-a和浊度耦合去除效果的影响。结果表明,"PAC+改性凹土"对Chl-a和浊度的去除效果明显优于单投PAC的效果。当PAC投药量12 mg/L,改性凹土投药量10 mg/L,沉淀时间20 min时,对Chl-a和浊度的去除率可分别达到92.5%和89.2%,可至少减少40%的PAC投量,且形成的矾花密实,沉降速度快,去除效率高。最适pH范围为7~8。投加顺序应为先投加改性凹土,混合搅拌转数宜慢速,可控制为50 r/min。     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

铁盐同步除磷研究

对铁盐化学同步除磷进行了研究 ,通过试验比较了硫酸亚铁和氯化铁的除磷效果 ,前者的效果优于后者。并就污泥回流对除磷的影响进行了模拟试验 ,结果说明污泥回流可以节约药剂投加量。     

氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂的氧化速率及其形态分布

采用氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂，论述了不同亚铁溶液中氧化水解动力学、氧化过程PH值变化以及不同反应过程对聚合氯化铁形态分布的影响；结果表明，氯化亚铁溶液的氧化速率主要受溶液的含酸量和三价铁离子的水解聚合反应的协同效应的影响，当溶液酸量达到最低点时，亚铁氧化速度也将降至最慢；通过形态分布、稳定性及氧化速度的研究确定了制备聚合氯化铁的最佳条件。     

用硝酸银消除高浓度氯离子对COD测定的干扰及测定废液中银的回收

分析了氯离子的干扰机理,提出了用硝酸银代替硫酸汞消除氯离子干扰测定高氯离子水样COD的分析方法,同时对COD废液的处理及废液中银的回收利用进行了研究。实验结果表明,该法具有较好的准确性和重复性,其相对误差均在国家规定的允许范围内;COD废液中的银经分离后,用Zn—H2SO4体系还原回收,银回收率为94．8％,回收的银粉纯度为99．6％,且可实现COD废液中银的循环使用。     

Sampling and Analysis of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) Traces in Indoor Atmosphere

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) are widely found in disinfectants used in hospitals. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) predominate in the disinfecting formulations. These compounds are strong irritants and can play a role in the induction of Occupational Asthma among the professionals of health and cleaning. In order to evaluate the potential health effect of these quaternary ammonium compounds to hospital employers, the development of an analytical method for their quantification in indoor air was developed. DDAC aerosols are trapped by adsorption on XAD-2 resin SKC tube. The air in hospital buildings was sampled using a constant debit Gillian pump at a flow of 1.0 l/min (+/-5%). Ion Chromatography (IC) was chosen for the analysis of DDAC especially for its high sensitivity and specificity. The Limit of Detection (LOD) by IC for DDAC is 0.56 mug/ml. Therefore the LOD of atmospheric DDAC is 28 microg/m(3) with an air volume of 100 l and a desorption volume of 5 ml. All DDAC air samples were lower than the LOD of the analytical method by IC. Under the standard conditions of use of the disinfecting solutions (Surfanios, Ampholysine Plus and Amphospray 41), the insignificant volatility of DDAC would not seem to be able to contaminate the indoor hospital atmosphere during the disinfection process. However, the DDAC can contaminate working atmospheres if it is put in suspension by aerosolisation.     

聚合氯化铝中Alb和Al13的形态分布规律

按三类典型工业聚合氯化铝的生产条件制得铝浓度为2.50mol·l^-1,盐基度为0%-92%的A,C,D系列样品,同时采用慢速滴碱法制得铝浓度为0.150mol·l^-1-0.336mol·l^-1,盐基度为0%-92%的B系列聚合氯化铝.Ferron试验结果表明：相同盐基度不同系列样品的Alb值大小变化规律为：盐基度等于20%时,C〉D〉A〉B;盐基度等于30%时,A〉D〉B〉C;盐基度大于30%时,B〉A〉D〉C;四个系列样品的Ala均随盐基度的升高而减小,Alc则随盐基度的升高而增加.27A1-NMR测试结果表明：四个系列所有样品的Al单均随盐基度的升高而减小;相同盐基度的不同系列样品Al13值大小顺序为B〉A〉C〉D;A,C,D系列样品的Al其他均随盐基度的升高而增加,B系列样品的Al其他则先随盐基度的升高而增加,达到最大值后开始降低,然后再开始上升,最大值为B4样品的44.40%.A,C,D三个工业系列样品中的Alb和Al13的绝对值均不大,在所研究的盐基度范围内Alb和Al13均不是其中的优势形态.B系列样品在盐基度大于60%时,Alb和Al13成为其中的优势形态.