无色硫细菌处理含硫废水的试验研究

在升流式填料塔中,通过污泥训化产生大量的硫杆菌,从而形成稳定生物膜.采用循环单因素实验研究和分析硫化物容积负荷与溶解氧(DO)共同作用下硫化物(S2-)的去除规律、硫酸盐的生成规律以及单质硫的生成率,并对建立的模拟方程进行验证.结果表明,DO是影响反应器顺利启动和稳定运行的主要因素;同时pH值对处理效果的影响也比较大;高浓度S2-有利于其本身的去除;有机物负荷对生物除硫效果影响不大;在水力停留时间(HRT)大于30min时,除硫效果基本没有很大变化.     

DEM格网尺度对AnnAGNPS预测山地小流域径流和物质输出的影响

为了解流域地形空间参数和其它参数的精度对农业非点源污染模型AnnAGNPS预测准确性的影响,利用三峡库区黑河小流域观测资料校准了AnnAGNPS模型,分析了1.5-12.5m格网尺度DEM对地形参数和模型负载输出的影响.结果表明,1.5～12.5m格网尺度DEM对流域径流量、洪峰流量、总N输出影响不显著,但对泥沙、总P、有机碳输出影响显著.三峡库区类似小流域宜采用5m格网尺度DEM,AnnAGNPS模型较不适合于尺度较小、坡度较大的小流域泥沙负载预测.     

自然崩落法顶板稳定性监测分析与预警研究*

为有效预警自然崩落法开采过程中顶板大面积崩落,确定顶板失稳预警期,基于微震、时域反射、钻孔电视等综合监测数据,研究岩体失稳过程点监测数据及微震活动性参数变化特征。结果表明:基于多源参数可有效预警顶板失稳事件,但点监测无法兼顾整个采区顶板,大尺度区域性监测主要依靠微震监测系统;根据顶板失稳事件前后b值、累积视体积、能量指数、施密特数等微震活动性参数变化特征,确定普朗铜矿顶板失稳预警期为24 d。研究结果可为后续整个采区其他区域顶板稳定性监测预警工作提供借鉴。     

基于空位溶液与DA理论的多组分气体吸附方法及验证*

为准确预测煤层气中多组分气体的吸附性能,将空位溶液与Dubinbin-Astakhov（DA）理论相结合,提出1种适用于煤层气吸附系统的多组分混合吸附模型。在模型中,吸附体系被视为气体与假设的“空位溶质”的多元混合物,吸附体系视为气相和吸附相空位溶质之间的平衡。结果表明:根据单组分气体吸附等温线,采用D-A方程计算分析了生成二元（吸附质+空位）混合物中纯组分气体的活度系数,并优化吸附参数;模型能够根据在单一温度下收集的纯组分吸附数据预测不同温度下的多组分气体吸附;模型计算结果与实测结果吻合良好,误差在10%以内,充分说明模型是切实可靠的。     

Integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in a sugar-ethanol factory: analysis of the efficiency and the environmental profile of the products

The effect of the integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology in a sugar-ethanol factory on the environmental profile/footprint of the products (sugar, ethanol, electricity) is evaluated. The sugarcane is the primary feedstock and sugar, ethanol and electricity are the main products of the system, where the functional unit is defined as 9.86 ton/h of sugar, 2.195 ton/h of hydrated ethanol (96% w/w) and 847 kWh of electricity. A detailed set of material and energy inputs and outputs was obtained from a local factory and was completed using simulation data by Aspen Plus^®.The environmental impacts (greenhouse gases and air pollution), exergy efficiency and a renewability parameter have been considered as indicators for the comparative assessment with conventional sugar, ethanol and electricity production technologies. The results show that the use of a SOFC technology involves a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (52-55%) and non-renewable resources (60-64%) when compared with the conventional integrated sugar and ethanol plant. The higher renewability index (0.93) and exergy efficiency (38%) are noticed for the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell technology integrated in the sugar-ethanol factory than conventional sugar-ethanol plant.     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中三氯甲烷四氯化碳的参数优化及测定影响因素探讨

本文探讨了如何提高顶空气相色谱法测定三氯甲烷及四氯化碳的灵敏度、精密度与准确度。重点讨论了平衡条件的优化以及带顶空自动进器的气相色谱仪的各个关键参数的优化。     

A review on hybrid mixture explosions: Safety parameters,explosion regimes and criteria,flame characteristics

The hybrid mixture of combustible dusts and flammable gases/vapours widely exist in various industries, including mining, petrochemical, metallurgical, textile and pharmaceutical. It may pose a higher explosion risk than gas/vapor or dust/mist explosions since the hybrid explosions can still be initiated even though both the gas and the dust concentration are lower than their lower explosion limit (LEL) values. Understanding the explosion threat of hybrid mixtures not only contributes to the inherent safety and sustainability of industrial process design, but promotes the efficiency of loss prevention and mitigation. To date, however, there is no test standard with reliable explosion criteria available to determine the safety parameters of all types of hybrid mixture explosions, nor the flame propagation and quenching mechanism or theoretical explanation behind these parameters. This review presents a state-of-the-art overview of the comprehensive understanding of hybrid mixture explosions mainly in an experimental study level; thereby, the main limitations and challenges to be faced are explored. The discussed main contents include the experimental measurement for the safety parameters of hybrid mixtures (i.e., explosion sensitivity and severity parameters) via typical test apparatuses, explosion regime and criterion of hybrid mixtures, the detailed flame propagation/quenching characteristics behind the explosion severities/sensitivities of hybrid mixtures. This work aims to summarize the essential basics of experimental studies, and to provide the perspectives based on the current research gaps to understand the explosion hazards of hybrid mixtures in-depth.     

MBR污水处理工艺中活性污泥动力学参数测定

缺乏可靠的污泥动力学设计参数是膜-生物反应器（membrane bioreactor,MBR）工艺在实际应用中遇到的主要问题之一.以某座处理城市污水的实际规模MBR工程的好氧活性污泥为对象,采用耗氧速率表征方法,测定计算得到以下动力学参数值：异养菌产率系数Y_H＝0.693、自养菌产率系数Y_A＝0.263、异养菌衰减系数K_dH＝0.108 d^-1、自养菌衰减系数K_dA＝0.089 d^-1、COD最大比去除速率v_mS＝1.94 mg·(mg·d)^-1、COD去除半饱和常数K_S＝34.6 mg·L^-1、氨氮最大比去除速率v_mN＝0.18 mg·(mg·d)^-1、氨氮去除半饱和常数K_N＝1.06 mg·L^-1.以上结果与传统活性污泥法工艺（CAS）中污泥的文献报道值相比,Y_H和K_dH较高,而v_mS和v_mN较低.MBR的高污泥浓度条件可能是导致上述差异出现的主要原因.     

不同喷嘴类型静电旋风水膜除尘系统配置优化实验研究*

为对比加宽版吹风喷头、1 mm孔径广角实心喷嘴和组合型喷嘴配置下的静电旋风水膜除尘系统的除尘效果,对进口风速、静电电压和单位面积流量3个单因素进行实验。研究结果表明:借助SPSS软件正交实验设计得出各喷嘴最佳参数、除尘效率影响因素排序均为进口风速＞静电电压＞单位面积流量。在各喷嘴最佳参数下,除尘性能排序为组合型喷嘴>加宽版吹风喷头>1 mm孔径广角实心喷嘴。在组合型喷嘴最佳参数（进口风速12.03 m/s、单位面积流量1.02 L/(m2·s)、电压45 kV）下,当进口风速不变时,除尘系统的分级除尘效率随粉尘颗粒粒径的增大而增大,但增幅不断地变缓,粒径约为40 μm时分级效率近似达到100%;当粉尘颗粒粒径不变时,分级效率随进口风速的增大呈现递减的趋势,粒径越大下的分级效率越接近。     

江阴长江公路大桥塔墩和锚锭的场地设计地震动工程参数

江阴长江公路大桥建成后将是主垮1385m,总长2888m 的大型悬索桥。本文在对大桥桥址区域地震地质和区域地震活动、桥址区地震构造条件及其断裂活动性综合研究的基础上,用概率方法对桥址区进行地震危险性分析;并结合桥址两岸不同的岩土条件,大桥塔墩和锚锭部位局部地形地貌、地下介质的横向非均匀性,绘出了大桥塔墩和锚锭场地不同土层的设计地震动工程参数。为大桥的抗震设计提供了可靠的科学依据。