PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION IN A TWO‐MULTIPLIER SEDIMENT YIELD MODEL1

ABSTRACT: A process based, distributed runoff erosion model (KINEROS2) was used to examine problems of parameter identification of sediment entrainment equations for small watersheds. Two multipliers were used to reflect the distributed nature of the sediment entrainment parameters: one multiplier for a raindrop induced entrainment parameter, and one multiplier for a flow induced entrainment parameter. The study was conducted in three parts. First, parameter identification was studied for simulated error free data sets where the parameter values were known. Second, the number of data points in the simulated sedigraphs was reduced to reflect the effect of temporal sampling frequency on parameter identification. Finally, event data from a small range‐land watershed were used to examine parameter identifiability when the parameter values are unknown. Results demonstrated that whereas unique multiplier values can be obtained for simulated error free data, unique parameter values could not be obtained for some event data. Unique multiplier values for raindrop induced entrainment and flow induced entrainment were found for events with greater than a two‐year return period (～25 mm) that also had at least 10 mm of rain in ten minutes. It was also found that the three‐minute sampling frequency used for the sediment sampler might be inadequate to identify parameters in some cases.     

EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING STREAM WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN A TRANSIENT MODEL FROM STOCHASTIC DATA1

ABSTRACT: In this study the estimation of parameters in water quality models represented by linear first order partial differential equations is investigated. Two sets of simulated input-output data, one with input noise and the other with output measurement error, were used. The parameters were estimated by a gradient technique (Bard's method) and a pattern search technique. The results indicate that the output measurement error significantly affects the values of parameter estimates as compared to the noise added to the input. Bard's method consistently gave results with a smaller sum of square value.     

面源模式数值模拟计算分析

系统地介绍了面源模式计算方法.为了提高面源模式计算的准确性,提出了面源反扩散参数的概念.采用数值模拟计算的方法,对面源模式做了实际计算,并将其计算结果与虚点源后置法做了分析和比较.给出了采用虚点源后置法对面源内部和近源处计算结果的修正方法.并对虚点源后置法横风方向计算结果进行了修正.在计算过程中,令面源(y方向)内部所有计算点的浓度与中心点浓度相同,在面源两边0.45 L范围以外取实际浓度值.     

起重机主梁裂纹修补参数的研究

采用ANSYS有限元分析软件，对因出现裂纹的起重机主梁而添加的补强板进行系列计算，得出修补后主梁裂纹的应力及应力强度因子的变化规律，结果表明，只有采用适当参数的补强板，才可消除起重机主梁裂纹的扩展趋势，从而保证起重机的安全。     

株洲市霞湾污水处理厂设计

株洲市霞湾污水处理厂是为保护湘江而建的工程，设计规模为10万m^3/d，根据污水水质及排放要求，处理工艺采用了不设初沉池的氧化沟活性污泥法；污泥处理采用了不经消化直接脱水工艺。介绍各处理单元的主要设计参数和所选用设备的技术对参数。     

ASSESSMENT OF HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES IN AN UNCONFINED ALLUVIAL AQUIFER NEAR GRAND ISLAND,NEBRASKA1

ABSTRACT: A method is presented to analyze time-drawdown data from one or more observation wells for the calculation of four hydraulic parameters for unconfined aquifers: vertical hydraulic conductivity, horizontal hydraulic conductivity, storage coefficient, and specific yield. The hydraulic parameter results are further analyzed for reliability and the possible ranges of the actual parameter values. After verification using a theoretical example, the method was used to analyze pumping test data from 22 observation wells in an unconfined alluvial aquifer near Grand Island, Nebraska. Results indicate that this method can be used to efficiently calculate the four hydraulic parameters in this type of aquifer. The method can also identify the impact of measurement errors on the parameter estimates, and provide ranges of the actual parameter values. The parameter values calculated using this method were compared to those determined using other theories. It is found that this method is very useful for calculating the hydraulic properties from pumping test data and for analyzing the parameter reliability.     

Modeling a wetland system: The case of Keoladeo National Park (KNP), India

A model for the wetland part of KNP is presented and analyzed. Two-dimensional parameter scans suggest that this minimal model possesses dynamical complexities. Per capita availability of water to “bad” biomass (W₁) is one of the most vital parameters. One can ensure good health of the park by restricting the par capita availability of water to low values. Getting the “bad” biomass removed by granting permits to villagers should go hand in hand with water management and conservation activities. The model presented in this paper may be helpful in designing the timing and nature of human interventions in the form of implementation of well worked out policies in future.     

用总有机碳浓度表达活性污泥反应动力学的研究

本研究对废水活性污泥法处理中常用指标ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５、ＭＬＶＳＳ与总有机磷指标的相关性进行了探讨。     

影子价格─自然灾害经济评价中合理的价格

着重说明自然灾害经济评价中利用影子价格的原因，简要说明我国目前在投资项目评价中采用的影子价格及计算方法，以及在自然灾害经济评价中如何利用影子价格进行计算．     

西台盐湖水文地质参数动态变化研究

为了建立卤水水位和水化学动态数学模型，这就需要掌握盐湖的水文地质参数的动态变化。分别选取西台吉乃尔盐湖（简称西台盐湖，下同）枯水期（4～5月）和丰水期（8～9月）两个时段开展野外流速流向测试工作，对测试的实验数据进行分析，归纳出西台盐湖水文地质参数动态变化的规律：枯水期流速相对丰水期小，但是随着卤水的开采规模和开采条件不同以及自然气候、水文条件的改变，卤水的渗流场也随之改变，卤水的渗透流速呈现多变性。两次测试的流向结果与测试期间同期的卤水等水位线显示的流向基本一致，由于持续抽卤的影响，9月的流向与5月的流向有很大的差异，流向方向大致相反。