Two-Dimensional Automatic Control Modeling of a Posture Control System

A posture control model has been developed on the basis of the 2-dimensional feedback control theory. Human postural characteristics were investigated in 5 healthy participants. Tests were performed with eyes open and eyes closed. After 5 s of quiet standing, each participant was unexpectedly pulled forward by 30 mm at his pelvis height and then released. Postural sway was measured over 20 s at a rate of 100 per second. Transfer functions to represent the posture control characteristic were identified by the least squares' method. These showed good results of the model's fitness, predictability, and stability. The response of the eyes-closed condition to perturbation is more oscillatory than that of the eyes-open condition. It seems that the model identified could be applicable to ergonomics, sports, or clinical situations.     

心理迫切因素对行人疏散动力学的影响研究

为更准确地描述行人疏散动力学特征,利用目前行人疏散模型对行人疏散进行模拟研究发现:疏散空间行人拥堵时,会出现疏散区域某些位置的行人一直处于竞争劣势而保持位置不动的现象,这与行人实际疏散运动不符.考虑到现实情况,行人在等待的过程中会积极寻找机会,实现成功疏散;基于此,在疏散模型中引入了心理迫切因素的概念,表征了行人等待过程中竞争能力的变化,完善了行人疏散模型.对新模型模拟研究发现,在考虑等待时的心理迫切因素后,该模型能够更好地表达行人疏散的动力学特征,可更为准确地再现行人的疏散运动轨迹和路径,同时研究发现,引入等待迫切因素后并不会影响总的疏散时间.     

支持向量机在边坡稳定性预测中的应用

针对离子型稀土原地浸矿边坡稳定性问题的小样本、非线性等特点,采用一种边坡稳定性预测模型——支持向量机(SVM)模型,分别使用网格参数寻优、遗传算法(GA)参数寻优、粒子群(PSO)寻优算法来计算SVM模型的参数,分析比较3种算法得到的参数,确定最适合离子型稀土原地浸矿边坡稳定性预测的SVM回归模型的参数寻优算法。     

A CFD based explosion risk analysis methodology using time varying release rates in dispersion simulations

A full probabilistic Explosion Risk Analysis (ERA) is commonly used to establish overpressure exceedance curves for offshore facilities. This involves modelling a large number of gas dispersion and explosion scenarios. Capturing the time dependant build up and decay of a flammable gas cloud size along with its shape and location are important parameters that can govern the results of an ERA. Dispersion simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are generally carried out in detailed ERA studies to obtain these pieces of information. However, these dispersion simulations are typically modelled with constant release rates leading to steady state results. The basic assumption used here is that the flammable gas cloud build up rate from these constant release rate dispersion simulations would mimic the actual transient cloud build up rate from a time varying release rate. This assumption does not correctly capture the physical phenomena of transient gas releases and their subsequent dispersion and may lead to very conservative results. This in turn results in potential over design of facilities with implications on time, materials and cost of a project.In the current work, an ERA methodology is proposed that uses time varying release rates as an input in the CFD dispersion simulations to obtain the fully transient flammable gas cloud build-up and decay, while ensuring the total time required to perform the ERA study is also reduced. It was found that the proposed ERA methodology leads to improved accuracy in dispersion results, steeper overpressure exceedance curves and a significant reduction in the Design Accidental Load (DAL) values whilst still maintaining some conservatism and also reducing the total time required to perform an ERA study.     

Bayes理论在河流水质模型参数识别中的应用

参数识别是水环境数学模型建模的重要步骤.在实际模拟过程中,往往难以获得理想的数据进行模型参数识别.充分利用研究者已有的经验,可在一定程度上减少模拟过程的风险.Bayes理论为把研究者的经验或前验信息纳入到水质模拟提供了一个定量手段.采用离散Bayes理论的基本方法,以国内某河段实际监测数据为基础,完成了模型的参数识别过程,并对识别结果进行了分析.验证结果表明,采用Bayes理论获得的参数识别结果能够达到模型验证的要求.     

炼油厂剩余污泥厌氧消化优化工艺条件的确定

针对中国石油锦州石化公司污水处理厂的剩余污泥采取动态半连续流中温厌氧消化实验,进行污泥减量化及资源化的中试研究。通过实验得出石化剩余污泥厌氧消化的优化工艺条件为:在高温(53℃)下,以10%的投配率(污泥停留时间10d)投配,pH值调整到7.0～7.5的锦州石化公司生化反应剩余污泥,无须调整原污泥的C/N。     

预氧化浸水煤体表面结构变化及复燃特性*

为研究预氧化长期浸水煤体孔隙结构变化及贫氧复燃特性,以长焰煤原煤（RC）、浸水煤(S200)、预氧化200浸水煤(O200I200)、预氧化300浸水(O300I200)煤为研究对象,采用N2吸附、电镜扫描、热重实验手段,在21%,15%,10%,5%氧浓度下进行实验分析。结果表明:浸水后煤样比表面积增大,低温氧化最大质量变化率（DTG）较高,促进低温氧化过程煤氧复合反应;预氧化浸水煤样平均孔径增加,初始放热温度较小,总放热量增加,其中O200I200煤样热参数相对较大。随氧浓度增加,各煤样着火点温度减小,活化能增加,O200I200煤样的这2个参数较小;随氧浓度降低,煤样初始放热温度增加,最大放热量与总放热量减小。O200I200煤体孔隙较发达,锁水能力较强,持续升温后氧化能力较强,更易复燃。     

乌兰木伦矿辅运上山雾气成因分析及解决措施研究*

为研究神东集团乌兰木伦煤矿1-2煤辅运上山内雾气成因,采用数值模拟方法研究进风温度、湿度、风流量等对巷道气候参数的影响。研究结果表明:不同工况下巷道内空气温度均趋近于围岩温度;冬季工况沿巷道走向相对湿度先增加后减小,随进风温度的升高巷道内相对湿度变化幅度减小;夏季工况巷道内相对湿度增加后趋于稳定,随进风相对湿度的升高而升高;巷道内相对湿度随进风速度的增加略有减小。1-2辅运上山起雾是由于风流从进风井至巷道距离过长,造成风流大量吸湿,当风流在1-2辅运上山上行时风流温度降低,风流中携带的水蒸气析出,出现雾气;通过在风路分支设置风窗,风流方向由上行改为下行,可有效解决巷道起雾现象。     

液压振动台功率谱复现控制研究

PID控制因为结构简单、稳定性好、可靠性高等优点被广泛应用。针对实际控制系统往往存在非线性因素,常规PID不能满足实际需求,设计了基H1法频响函数估计的变参数PID控制算法。通过对两点激励液压振动试验系统进行随机振动试验,表明H1法变参数PID控制算法对振动台具有良好的控制效果,可以实现高精度的功率谱复现。     

基于相关向量机模型的腐蚀声发射信号识别

相关向量机(RVM)模型的分类性能与其核函数参数的选择有密切关系。本文分别利用人工蜂群算法(ABC)、粒子群算法(PSO)和遗传算法(GA)寻找相关向量机模型的最优参数,对几种方法的寻优性能进行了对比。采用基于二叉树结构的一对多扩展方法,对二分类相关向量机模型进行了扩展,建立了四分类模型。基于该分类模型对罐底腐蚀声发射信号进行识别,将声发射特征参数和频域参数作为模型的输入参数,获得了较好的识别结果。