基于MATLABR的水质模型参数的确定方法

基于MATLAB可靠的数值计算、强大的绘图功能和简单易学的语言体系,利用MATLAB对河流水质模型的参数进行最优化估值,同时确定模型中的各个参数.指出MATLAB在运用最优化方法于水质模型多参数求解中的作用.提出了以C语言为基础的算法思想.     

Calibrating a model to 30 years of data to capture the accumulation of chloride from winter deicers in a shallow aquifer

Winter deicers are a major source of chloride contamination to shallow aquifers in northern latitudes. In the greater Chicago area of northeast Illinois, chloride has been accumulating for decades and in many places now exceeds the United States Environmental Protection Agency secondary standard of 250 mg/L. MODFLOW-NWT and MT3D-USGS were used to simulate the accumulation of chloride with 30 years of data in the shallow aquifer of Will County in northeast Illinois. This aquifer is composed of unconsolidated sediments, largely from glacial deposits, overlying a fractured dolomite bedrock. To calibrate to observed heads and chloride, the model needed refined geologic features, higher chloride concentrations on cells representing commercial or industrial lands, lower chloride concentrations on cells representing roads, and point source areas to speed chloride's emergence in the aquifer. These point sources are locally significant and could represent different anthropogenic or geologic features, such as municipal stormwater infrastructure. Future simulations indicate that chloride is not at steady state in the shallow aquifer and wells are at risk of exceeding the secondary standard if winter deicing applications are not reduced. It may take decades for the full impacts of reduced deicing rates to be observed in wells, owing to the long residence time of water in the aquifer. This transient model calibration was possible because of the 30-year dataset collected by communities and government agencies.     

Modelling the biological performance of a side-stream membrane bioreactor using ASM1

Membrane bioreactors(MBRs) are attracting global interest but the mathematical modeling of the biological performance of MBRs remains very limited. This study focuses on the modelling of a side-stream MBR system using Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1), and comparing the results with the modelling of traditional activated sludge processes. ASM1 parameters relevant for the long-term biological behaviour in MBR systems were calibrated(i, e. YH = 0.72gCOD/gCOD, YA = 0.25gCOD/gN, bH = 0.25 d^-1, bA = 0.080 d^-1 and fp =0.06), and generally agreed with the parameters in traditional activated sludge processes, with the exception that a higher autotrophic biomass decay rate was observed in the MBR. A sensitivity analysis for steady state operation and DO dynamics suggested that the biological performance of the MBR system (the sludge concentration, effluent quality and the DO dynamics) are very sensitive to the parameters(i.e. YH, YA, bH, hA, μmaxH and μmaxA), and influent wastewater components( X1, Ss, Xs, SNH).     

污水处理厂计算机仿真模拟研究

将上海市某城市污水处理厂的生产运行数据进行了计算机模拟,并将模拟结果中的COD及TSS、TN、NH3-N等组分的浓度与实测数据进行了比较。通过对模型参数进行修正和调整,仅改变ASM1数学模型中的4个参数,即取得了较好的预测效果。同时对城市污水处理厂进一步运用数学模型的可行性进行了讨论。     

扩散参数的不确定性及其对扩散因子的影响

根据联邦行署卡尔斯鲁厄核研究中心３１次示踪实验结果,定量估算了高架源,大粗糙度地形条件下,各类天气相应的扩散参数的不确定度。发现同一地点,同一天气类型,扩散参数实测值相差可达二个量级,σｙ的不确定度随天气类型由Ａ至Ｆ类而变大。采用拉丁超立方取样方法估算了上述扩散参数不确定度实测值所导致的小时轴向扩散因子的不确定度。     

产酸相最佳发酵类型工程控制对策

对二相厌氧消化工艺的研究证明,产酸发酵阶段对整个厌氧生物处理系统运行的成败起着关键的作用,作为产酸发酵三种类型之一的乙醇型发酵被证明是产酸相的最佳发酵类型。采用连续流二相厌氧生物处理系统,对产酸相乙醇型发酵在实际工程中能够直接控制的运行参数进行了研究与探讨。试验结果表明,产酸相乙醇型发酵的最佳参数：温度为34～38℃,pH为4.0～4.4,Eh为－300～－400mV,HRT为5～6h;污泥负荷应不大于4gCOD/gVSS·d,以2.5gCOD/gVSS·d最佳。     

拱顶储罐气相层惰化过程数值模拟及工艺参数研究

针对油罐在检测、维修前须先将气相层可燃气体用氮气惰化到安全浓度,现场凭经验操作效率低且难以掌握氮气合理用量,容易造成氮气浪费或达不到安全浓度引发事故的问题,为确保惰化过程的安全经济,以常见拱顶储罐为例,首先利用改进后的公式法得出多组分可燃气体惰化效果评价指标;然后根据所得指标采用仿真对储罐气相层惰化过程进行数值模拟,并验证了仿真结果的正确性;最后采用仿真计算方法开展储罐气相层氮气惰化工艺参数的影响研究。研究结果表明:惰化效率与进口压力无关,只随进口流速变化,且大于1 m/s流速后,惰化效率已显著变化,此时可以增加进口管道数量,进一步提高惰化效率。理论研究结果可为现场实施提供参考和指导。     

汽车后排座椅侧气囊仿真系统参数优化研究

为提升侧面碰撞中后排乘员胸腹部保护效果,在国内某款汽车原有侧面碰撞系统模型基础上,构建后排座椅侧气囊(RSAB)仿真试验模型,通过各项零部件试验与气囊模型对标后导入侧面碰撞系统试验模型;分析RSAB及气帘对后排被试的保护性能,针对胸腹部损伤防护优化侧面气囊相关参数,设计正交试验,运用极差分析法,得出最优参数组合,并对比...     

Hydro-chemical Survey of Groundwater of Hisar City and Assessment of Defluoridation Methods Used in India

Ground water quality of Hisar city was assessed for its suitability for drinking purposes. Samples collected from the Bore-wells (forms a part of municipal water supply) and handpumps (direct consumption) were analyzed for the various physico-chemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, total hardness, total alkalinity, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride and sulfate. The concentrations of magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate and especially of chloride were found moderately higher than the WHO standards for the drinking water. Further a comparison of fluoride (F⁻) levels in groundwater of various cities and towns of Haryana state was performed. The relatively higher concentrations of F⁻ in groundwater of Haryana raise the risk of fluorosis and hence groundwater must be used with proper treatment. Promising defluoridation methods using locally available materials and technologies are discussed for the prevention and control of fluorosis. Data were assessed statistically to find the suitable markers of ground water quality as an aid to monitoring groundwater quality.     

养分(磷)吸收机理模型的应用研究──Ⅱ.模型参数的敏感性分析

采用Claassen的养分吸收机理模型探讨了玉米与大豆幼苗磷吸收过程中的参数敏感性,结果表明：在一般土壤与施肥条件下,玉米与大豆幼苗吸收磷的高度敏感性参数或重要限制因素为根系伸长速率与根半径;在相同土壤供磷条件下,供试大豆幼苗根系的磷摄取能力远低于玉米幼苗根系的磷摄取能力,其原因归结于两者在根系最大养分流Imax与根系伸长速率K两个敏感性参数上的差异;玉米与大豆幼苗磷吸收过程中三种根毛参数的敏感性均较低,这主要与土壤供磷水平较高有关;土壤含水量在玉米幼苗磷吸收过程中表现了极高的敏感性,当土壤含水量降低时,土壤养分供应参数对玉米幼苗磷吸收的敏感性与限制作用均增大。