Achievement of high rate nitritation with aerobic granular sludge reactors enhanced by sludge recirculation events

A ratio control strategy has been used to demonstrate the feasibility of this automatic control procedure for the achievement of stable full and partial nitritation. The control strategy assured constant ratio between the dissolved oxygen (DO) and the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations in the bulk liquid of aerobic granular sludge reactors operating in continuous mode. Three different set-ups with different reactor capacities were used (3, 110, and 150 L). High strength synthetic wastewaters and reject water were tested with similar performance. Achieved nitrogen loading rates ranged between 0.4 and 6.1 kgN·m^-3·d^-1, at temperatures between 20°C and 30°C. Granular sludge and nitritation were stable in the long term continuous operation of the reactors. Suitable stable effluent for Anammox has been obtained using the desired TAN setpoint (i.e. 50% of influent ammonium oxidation). An existing biofilm model developed incorporating the implemented control loops and validated in a previous publication was used to investigate the effects of the ammonium concentration of the influent and the biofilm density on the achievement of full nitritation. The model demonstrated how sludge recirculation events led to a stable and significant increase of the biomass concentration in the reactor, which in turn resulted in the achievement of high nitrogen loading rates, due to the action of the control strategy. The model predicted an enhancement of stable full nitritation at higher ammonium concentrations in the influent. Poor influence of the biofilm density in the achievement of full nitritation was predicted with the model.     

Applicability of the Arrhenius model for ammonia oxidizing bacteria subjected to temperature time gradients

The aim of this work is to identify the range of applicability of Arrhenius type temperature dependence for Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) subjected to temperature time gradients through continuous titrimetric tests. An innovative online differential titrimetric technique was used to continuously monitor the maximum biologic ammonia oxidation rate of the biomass selected in a pilot scale membrane bioreactor, as a function of temperature time gradients. The monitoring technique is based on the measurement of alkalinity and hydrogen peroxide consumption rates in two parallel reactors operated in non-limiting substrate conditions for AOB; both reactors were continuously fed with mixed liquor and in one of them AOB were inhibited with allylthiourea. The effects of temperature decrease rates in the range 1 to 4°C·h⁻¹ were evaluated by controlling the titrimetric reactor in the temperature range 10°C–20°C. The dependence of growth kinetics on temperature time gradients and the range of applicability of Arrhenius model for temperature dependency of AOB growth kinetics were assessed. The Arrhenius model was found to be accurate only with temperature gradients lower than 2°C·h⁻¹. The estimated Arrhenius coefficients (θ) were shown to increase from 1.07 to 1.6 when the temperature decrease rate reached 4°C·h⁻¹.     

增温对农田土壤碳氮循环关键过程的影响

为研究模拟增温对农田土壤碳氮循环关键过程的影响,设置了包含增温和对照两个处理的随机区组试验.采用气压过程分离技术(BaPS)测定土壤CO2产生速率、硝化速率、反硝化速率,并测定了根生物量、水溶性有机碳(DOC)、亚硝酸根、硫酸根、硝酸根等指标.结果表明,在冬小麦-大豆轮作生长季,增温和对照处理的平均土壤CO2产生速率分别为(149.7±19.6)和(114.5±11.6) μg/(kg·h),增温和对照处理的平均土壤硝化速率分别为(563.6±119.56),(399.9±98.2)μg/(kg·h),增温和对照处理的平均土壤反硝化速率分别为(319.7±94.6), (216.2±44.7) μg/(kg·h).研究表明,无论是在冬小麦生长季还是在大豆生长季, 模拟增温均促进了土壤CO2产生速率,增温对大豆田土壤CO2产生速率的促进作用高于冬小麦田,并且这种促进作用主要体现在作物生长后期.模拟增温显著促进了冬小麦–大豆田的土壤硝化、反硝化速率,夏季增温对土壤硝化、反硝化速率的促进作用最明显.模拟增温对土壤中根生物量、DOC、亚硝酸根、硫酸根、硝酸根含量无显著影响.     

温度对滴滤池硝化过程氧化亚氮释放的影响

研究了某大学污水处理厂的一个滴滤池(生物膜系统)随季节变化N2O的释放特征.结果表明,滴滤池中N2O的释放浓度范围为0~18.21×10-6,释放量为20.5~554g N2O/(m3?a),其释放因子(N2O-N/进水NH3-N)为0.1%~0.8%.N2O释放量与季节变化有关,夏季产生量较高而春季较少,空气和进水的温差是影响滴滤池中硝化作用和N2O释放的主要因素,7月份时气温和水温温差较小,导致空气中的氧气无法充入水中,水中溶解氧的不足使得滴滤池硝化不完全,N2O释放量最高.另外,N2O释放量的昼夜变化规律表明,滴滤池的N2O释放、硝化作用和温度变化相关,通过在线监测N2O释放和水温/气温温度变化可以间接反映滴滤池的生物硝化效果.     

Improvement of nitrification efficiency by bioaugmentation in sequencing batch reactors at low temperature

Bioaugmentation is an effective method of treating municipal wastewater with high ammonia concentration in sequencing batch reactors （SBRs） at low temperature （10℃）. The cold-adapted ammonia- and nitrite- oxidizing bacteria were enriched and inoculated, respectively, in the bioaugmentation systems. In synthetic wastewater treatment systems, the average NH4＋-N removal efficiency in the bioaugmented system （85%） was much higher than that in the unbioaugmented system. The effluent NH4＋ -N concentration of the bioaugmented system was stably below 8 mg. L1 after 20 d operation. In municipal wastewater systems with bioaugmentation, the effluent NH4＋- -N concentration was below 8 mg·L^-1 after 15 d operation. The average NH4＋ -N removal efficiency in unbioaugmentation system （about 82%） was lower compared with that in the bioaugmentation system. By inoculating the cold-adapted nitrite-oxidizing bacteria （NOB） into the SBRs after 10 d operation, the nitrite concentration decreased rapidly, reducing the NO2 -N accumulation effectively at low temperature. The func- tional microorganisms were identified by PCR-DGGE, including uncultured Dechloromonas sp., uncultured Nitrospira sp., Clostridium sp. and uncultured Thauera sp. The results suggested that the cold-adapted microbial agent of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） and NOB could accelerate the start-up and promote achieving the stable operation of the low-temperature SBRs for nitrification.     

温度对生物炭滤池处理高氨氮原水硝化的影响

利用臭氧预氧化-生物预处理-混凝沉淀-砂滤-臭氧后氧化-生物活性炭滤池组合工艺对微污染水源水进行了深度处理中间试验.将一部分未经生物预处理的高氨氮原水经常规处理后进入生物活性炭滤池以提高活性炭滤池进水氨氮浓度.研究了温度对高氨氮进水条件下生物活性炭滤池硝化能力的影响.试验表明,生物活性炭(BAC)的生物活性随温度的降低而降低.在水温2℃左右时,生物活性炭滤池对氨氮的去除能力相当于6℃以上时去除能力的50%;在温度>6℃的条件下,生物活性炭滤池对氨氮的去除能力在进水溶解氧基本相同时不随温度(水温>6℃)的变化而发生变化,对氨氮的去除能力主要受水中溶解氧的影响.     

SBR系统中好氧颗粒污泥脱氮特性研究

以颗粒污泥为研究对象,在序批式反应器中研究了不同运行模式(有厌氧段和无厌氧段两种模式)和不同碳氮比(COD与NH₄⁺-N质量比取6、10、14)下,颗粒污泥对氨氮、总无机氮的去除情况.比较了2种运行模式应用于颗粒污泥脱氮中的差别和优劣.采用分段函数的方法对不同碳氮比下的氨氮去除曲线进行了分割,对曝气第一阶段(碳源富足阶段)和曝气第二阶段(碳源贫乏阶段)的氨氮去除曲线进行了拟合,发现其线性化特征明显.计算了不同碳氮比下曝气前后期氨氮去除速率,并简要分析了好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化反硝化脱氮的作用机理.     

苯酚类化合物光解量子产率与结构性质的定量关系

采用量子化学PM3算法计算得到的苯酚类化合物的量子化学参数,应用偏最小二乘(PLS)算法,建立了能预测苯酚类化合物光解量子产率(Y)的定量结构-性质关系(QSPR)模型.影响苯酚类化合物光解量子产率的主要因素是分子最高占据轨道能(Ehomo)和分子生成热(HOF),logY值随着Ehomo的增大而增大,随着HOF的增大而减小.分子的电负性和(Ehomo-Ehomo)2对logY值也有一定的影响,电负性和(Ehomo-Ehomo)²较小的分子,其logY值也较大.     

生物脱氮新技术研究进展

本文对短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化及厌氧氨氧化等生物脱氮新技术的研究和开发进展进行了简单的综述和讨论 ,并指出了这些新技术的特点和研究开发应用的前景。     

固定化细胞单级生物脱氮研究

利用硝化菌和反硝化菌混合固定的方法,研究了好氧条件下同时进行硝化和反硝化作用的单级生物脱氮技术.结果表明,反硝化菌被固定后,在好氧条件下仍具有反硝化功能.硝化菌和反硝化菌被混合固定后,可以在好氧条件下同时进行硝化和反硝化作用,并且其氨氧化速率约为硝化菌单独固定时的1.4倍.硝化菌和反硝化菌混合固定构成的单级生物脱氮系统其脱氮速率是分别固定构成的单级生物脱氮系统的2.6倍.