环境行业标准方法测定COD的PLS改进

文章采用偏最小二乘法改进校正模型,在测定COD值的高量程和低量程范围内分别建立PLS模型,预测结果与GB法测定COD值的相对误差为4.47%和4.09%,具有较好的一致性。研究解决了环境行业标准快速消解分光光度法测定水质化学需氧量中直线拟合回归不确定性的问题。     

乙酸钠和无机盐对部分亚硝化反应器运行性能的影响

通过间歇试验和连续流反应器的运行试验,探索了实现部分亚硝化反应的控制条件,考察了乙酸钠和无机盐对部分亚硝化工艺效能的影响.结果表明,通过控制进水碱度、溶解氧和水力停留时间,可在气升式反应器中实现稳定的部分亚硝化,反应器出水适宜后续厌氧氨氧化反应器处理.乙酸钠对部分亚硝化反应器的运行性能有重大影响.添加乙酸钠后,反应器出水氨氮浓度不变,亚硝氮、硝氮和总氮浓度减小,且变化程度与所添加的有机物浓度呈正相关,乙酸钠引发反硝化是造成影响的主要原因.短期批次试验表明,在摩尔浓度相同的条件下,NaCl、KCl和Na2SO4对氨氧化活性的影响程度接近,盐浓度为150mmol·L-1时,氨氧化活性为未添加盐时的60%.连续流试验证明,通过逐渐提高盐浓度,部分亚硝化反应器能适应25g·L-1盐度的水质.当盐度大于27g·L-1时,出水水质不合要求.亚硝酸细菌对高盐度胁迫比硝酸细菌敏感.     

短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮研究进展

在过去的几年,短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化脱氮技术得到了快速发展。对短程硝化的影响因素、厌氧氨氧化菌的基本生理特征及影响因素、基于短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化原理开发的SHARON-ANAMMOX、CANON、OLAND等脱氮工艺及应用研究现状进行论述,提出了存在的问题和研究方向。     

亚硝化颗粒污泥对温度变化的响应特性研究

采用序批式反应器(SBR),以实验室已经培养好的具有良好亚硝化积累的颗粒污泥(短程硝化积累率90%以上)为接种污泥,考察了温度变化对亚硝化颗粒污泥特性、稳定性、氮转换性能及活性的影响.结果表明,温度对亚硝化颗粒污泥的结构和短程硝化性能都有着重要的影响.在30℃时,亚硝化颗粒污泥具有良好的絮凝和沉降性,污泥结构紧密,亚硝化积累率维持在96.17%,污泥容积指数(SVI)为39 mL.g-1,平均粒径为3.03 mm.当温度降至25℃时,由于胞外多聚物(EPS)浓度升高,蛋白质与多糖比值的下降,导致亚硝化颗粒污泥的电负性升高,同时污泥表面的疏水性减弱,结构变得松散,亚硝化颗粒污泥发生了解体,亚硝化积累率在35%以下,短程硝化被破坏.在15℃时,虽然亚硝化颗粒污泥也发生了解体,并且解体现象加剧,但是由于颗粒污泥表面氧气传质深度的增大,使得反应器中氨氧化菌(AOB)的数量相对增大,出水亚硝化积累率最终稳定在68%左右.     

N-甲基二乙醇胺/哌嗪溶液和氨水吸收二氧化碳的实验研究

MDEA/PZ溶液被认为是目前燃煤电厂煤燃烧后脱碳过程中一种很有应用前景的化学吸收剂.反应速率和气液平衡是研究CO2吸收剂的重要参数.因此,本文在一个加压湿壁塔实验台上,针对45%MDEA/5%PZ(质量分数)溶液进行实验研究,得到了溶液在20～60℃时的反应速率和在20～120℃之间低CO2负载量(<0.2mol·mol-1)条件下的CO2平衡分压,并拟合出了平衡分压的半经验关联式.鉴于氨水是目前另一种被广泛关注的CO2吸收剂,本文在相同的实验装置上,进行了5%氨水的吸收速率实验,并与MDEA/PZ的实验结果进行了对比.结果表明,两者在20℃和40℃之间的吸收速率接近,20℃时氨水的吸收速率略高,但MDEA/PZ溶液在40℃时的吸收速率高于氨水.基于研究结果,本文推荐45%MDEA/5%PZ溶液的吸收温度窗口应为40～60℃,氨水应为20～40℃.     

Ammonium removal pathways and microbial community in GAC-sand dual media filter in drinking water treatment

A GAC-sand dual media filter (GSF) was devised as an alternative solution for drinking water treatment plant to tackle the raw water polluted by ammonium in place of expensive ozone-GAC processes or bio-pretreatments. The ammonium removal pathways and microbial community in the GSFs were investigated. The concentrations of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen were monitored along the filter. Total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) loss occurred during the filtration. For 1 mg ammonium removal, the TIN loss was as high as 0.35 mg, DO consumption was 3.06 mg, and alkalinity consumption was 5.55 mg. It was assumed that both nitrification and denitrification processes occur in the filters to fit the TIN loss and low DO consumption. During the filtration, nitritation, nitrification and nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation processes probably occur, while traditional nitrification and denitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes may occur. In the GSFs, Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira are likely to be involved in nitrification processes, while Novosphingobium, Comamonadaceae and Oxalobacteraceae may be involved in denitrification processes.     

Community analysis of ammonia oxidizer in the oxygen-limited nitritation stage of OLAND system by DGGE of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments and FISH

IntroductionSustainablewastewatertreatmentsystemsarebeingdevelopedthatminimizeenergyconsumption ,CO2 emission ,andsludgeproduction .However,thesesystemstypicallyyieldeffluentsrichinammonium nitrogen(NH 4 N)andpoorinbiodegradableorganiccarbon ,therebymaki…     

Model-based evaluation on the conversion ratio of ammonium to nitrite in a nitritation process for ammonium-rich wastewater treatment

Modeling for nitritation process was discussed and analyzed quantitatively for the factors that influence nitrite accumulation. The results indicated that pH, inorganic carbon source and Hydraulic Retention Time(HRT) as well as biomass concentration are the main factors that influenced the conversion ratio of ammonium to nitrite. A constant high pH can lead to a high nitritation rate and results in high conversion ratio on condition that free ammonia inhibition do not happen. In a CSTR system, without pH control, this conversion ratio can be monitored by pH variation in the reactor. The pH goes down far from the inlet level means a strongly nitrite accumulation. High concentration of alkalinity can promoted the conversion ratio by means of accelerating the nitritation rate through providing sufficient inorganic carbon source(carbon dioxide). When inorganic carbon source was depleted, the nitritation process stopped. HRT adjustment could be an efficient way to make the nitritation system run more flexible, which to some extent can meet the requirements of the fluctuant of inlet parameters such as ammonium concentration, pH, and temperature and so on. Biomass concentration is the key point, especially for a CSTR system in steady state, which was normally circumscribed by the characteristics of bacteria and may also affected by aeration mode and can be increased by prolonging the HRT on the condition of no nitrate accumulation when no recirculation available. The higher the biomass concentration is, the better the nitrite accumulation can be obtained. accumulation     

不同缓冲区的土地利用方式对地表水水质的影响：以海河流域天津段为例

探明土地利用方式与水质的关系对改善地表水环境具有重要意义.基于2021年天津市16个国家地表水水质监测站的月数据及土地利用数据,利用GIS空间分析和数理统计方法研究不同尺度缓冲区的土地利用方式对地表水水质的影响.结果表明：①研究区土地利用类型以建设用地、耕地和水域为主,对河流水质影响显著.除水温（WT）和pH外,耕地、建设用地和水域与各水质指标均呈负相关;林地和草地与溶解氧（DO）和总氮（TN）呈正相关,与其他水质指标均呈负相关.②水质指标在不同季节表现出明显的空间差异.pH、DO与TN浓度在旱季较高,而高锰酸盐指数、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）与总磷（TP）浓度在雨季较高.③冗余分析（RDA）结果表明,800 m缓冲区土地利用对旱季水质变化具有最大的解释能力（50.4%）,而3 000 m缓冲区土地利用可以最大程度解释雨季水质变化情况（49.6%）;从旱雨季的平均解释率来看,3 000 m缓冲区是天津市土地利用对水质指标的最佳影响尺度（50.0%）;④偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）分析可知,3 000 m缓冲区内建设用地、耕地和水域是影响地表水水质变化最显著的地类.旱季大多数水质指标PLSR模型的预测能力比雨季强.在旱季,除WT和pH外,其余水质指标均受耕地的影响最大.在雨季,建设用地对WT和NH₄⁺-N浓度的影响最大,其余水质指标的最重要影响因子仍是耕地.研究表明合理规划河流或湖库3 000 m内的土地利用方式有利于改善地表水水环境质量.     

部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化耦合工艺处理污泥脱水液

在缺氧滤床+好氧悬浮填料生物膜工艺中实现部分亚硝化,然后进行厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX),考察其对高含氮、低C/N污泥脱水液的处理能力.结果表明,亚硝化反应器在15~29℃、DO 6~9mg/L条件下,通过综合调控进水氨氮负荷(ALR)、进水碱度/氨氮、水力停留时间(HRT)等运行参数,可以调节出水(NO2--N)/(NH4+-N)的比率,能够较好地实现部分亚硝化反应以完成厌氧氨氧化.当进水ALR为1.16kg/(m3·d),进水碱度/氨氮为5.1时,出水(NO2--N)/(NH4+-N)在1.2左右,(NO2--N)/(NOx--N)大于90%,进入ANAMMOX反应器的氮物质去除率达到83.8%.