对建设项目环境保护公众参与机制的几点思考

公众参与是一种独特的管理职能.公众不仅要参加建设项目的环境保护,而且要参加可能对环境造成影响的规划项目的环境保护.建设项目环境信息公开化是公众参与的基础,应健全政府与建设单位、公众环境信息公开化的平台,坚持"谁主管,谁负责"的原则,充分发挥社区作用,不断完善建设项目环境保护公众参与机制.     

试论区域环境影响评价的有效性和公众参与

简述了区域环境影响评价的特点，着重讨论了ＲＥＬＡ有效性的影响因素和限制条件；通过论述ＲＥＩＡ和公众参与的含义，内容以及扩大公众参与的建议等，提出公众参与对提高ＲＥＩＡ有效性的积极作用。     

流域管理中的公众参与机制探讨

我国新《水法》明确规定国家对水资源实行流域管理与行政管理相结合的管理体制，流域管理在国家区域开发和环境保护方面占有重要的地位。就全世界而言，在流域管理的过程中充分调动社会和公众的积极性是一条成功的经验，也是一个发展趋势。本文在借鉴国外在流域管理中引入公众参与的成功经验的基础上，结合中国流域管理的现状和特点以及目前所面临的困境．对我国流域管理中的公众参与机制的创建提出若干路径。     

环境影响评价中的公众参与调查结果加权量化法初探

自从1996年第四次全国环境保护会议后,公众参与成为我国环境影响评价中必不可少的一部分。目前建设项目环境影响评价中的公众参与主要采用的是填写调查问卷,然后对调查结果进行定性分析的方法。在对公众参与现状进行分析的基础上,尝试对公众参与的结果进行加权量化。     

环境影响评价中公众参与的问题与对策

公众参与是环境影响评价中的重要内容,它是项目方或环境工作组与公众之间的一种双向交流.在环境影响评价过程中实施公众参与,可以提高环评的有效性,增强全民族的环保意识,促进环境影响评价的完善.目前,我国环境影响评价中的公众参与还不十分成熟,进行公众参与的方法没有统一的规定,文章提出我国公众参与主要存在以下几个问题:力量薄弱、形式简单、规范滞后、影响有限.针对这些问题提出了改进措施:增强信息沟通及沟通的有效性、完善公众参与的法律制度、明确公众参与的具体内容.     

Risk discourses and governance of high-level radioactive waste storage in Taiwan

Policy scholars have indicated that the quality of the solution to a perceived social problem depends on the adequacy of its framing. This paper examines how policy stakeholders and local residents frame the issue of the radioactive waste storage facility in Taiwan, the limits of institutional mechanisms in decision-making processes, and the implications of the deliberative forums undertaken by the national Stop Nukes Now organisation. The controversy illustrates the problems of a knowledge gap and the top-down procedures as well as the challenges that Taiwan faces in becoming a nuclear-free country. This case demonstrates civic society organisations’ efforts to challenge the ‘social–technical divide’ and technical experts’ prior definition of the ‘problems’ and selection of a ‘solution’. Deliberative forums enable the participation of affected communities to shape public discourses, which helps to strengthen public communication, improves citizen consciousness of nuclear waste issues, and attempts to link wider communities and public interests.     

Public Perceptions of California's Exceptional Drought

While the exceptional drought in California ended in 2017, the state is expected to experience similar droughts in the future. Understanding how individuals perceive the causes and consequences of drought will help frame future communication and planning efforts. We surveyed a panel of Californian residents about their perceptions of the 2012–2017 drought. We found a major disconnect in how our respondents perceived drought and water use. Respondents perceived the drought as being caused primarily by climatic factors and underestimated the role human water use, particularly agricultural use, had in exacerbating drought. Comparing our respondents across the state and across socio‐demographics, there were few differences in concern about drought but several differences in how residents thought drought should be managed. Such research can help water managers communicate about the specific concerns the public has about future droughts, as well as address misperceptions about the relationship between drought and water use.     

公众参与在战略环境影响评价中的发展研究

公众参与是战略环境影响评价的一个显著的特点,公众参与使得决策制定过程具有更公开、更透明化的特点,同时也使得利益相关者和受影响的人群更容易接受规划和项目的实施.概述了公众参与在战略环境评价的理论发展过程,列举了近年来战略环境影响评价公众参与在国外的实践经验,讨论了中国公众参与在战略环境影响评价的研究成果,最后提出了完善中国战略环境影响评价公众参与制度的合理建议.     

Water reforms in Brazil: opportunities and constraints

The last decade saw repeated attempts to adopt and implement an integrated management of water in Brazil. Internationally established principles, such as water economics and public participation, have influenced the development of a novel regulatory framework for water use and conservation in the country. However, despite changes in policies and in the legislation, the opportunity to address old and new management problems has been largely frustrated by the internal contradictions of the ongoing institutional reforms. A case study of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin demonstrates the distance between, on the one hand, calls for decentralisation and responsibility sharing and, on the other hand, the persistence of bureaucratised and exclusionary practices. The main distortion is the excessive effort expended on the introduction of water pricing and environmental charges, a controversial policy instrument that has dominated the agenda of the new river basin committee, at the expense of addressing river restoration, public mobilisation and environmental justice.     

A holistic framework for participatory conservation approaches

Organizations seeking better methods for conservation have attempted to use participatory processes to fulfill human and ecological/environmental goals. As a result, the academic literature is filled with examples of community-level approaches to conservation. While such case studies are highly valuable, much of this literature has placed a strong emphasis on the institutional conditions surrounding successful participatory practices. Here, we seek to complement the participatory conservation literature with the community participation literature, which has tended to follow an actor-centered (e.g., residents) approach to successful participatory practices. By merging these two literatures, our goal is to offer a holistic framework that accounts for a more comprehensive understanding of the different forms and benefits of participation. We hope this framework will serve as a tool for field practitioners to implement the most effective action plans resulting in greater future successes.