超临界溶液快速膨胀技术在微细颗粒制备中的应用

超临界溶液快速膨胀技术是近三十年来发展起来的新技术。本文对该技术制备微细颗粒原理作了简要的介绍 ,对国内外该技术制备超细粉体装置进行了较为详细的分析 ,并综述了该领域的研究现状和主要成果。     

多体系微量元素地球化学对比中存在的问题及解决途径

在微量、稀土元素地球化学对比研究中,直观地根据蛛网图上曲线相似程度而得出的结论带有很大的主观随意性,可信度低。通过2个应用实例(云南北衙金矿床;江西相山变质岩),运用Q型逐步聚类分析及模糊聚类分析与蛛网作图相结合的对比研究方法,分别对云南北衙金矿的成矿物质来源和江西相山变质岩的地层单元归属问题进行了探讨,发现该方法可获得较多精细的、为蛛网图所隐匿的、但具有重要地质意义的地球化学信息,从而得出更为严谨、客观、并具有科学再现性的结论。     

燃煤过程硫同位素分馏效应及其环境意义

世界范围内燃煤而释放的二氧化硫气体和颗粒物,严重地扰动了硫的全球环境地球化学循环,是导致全球性大气污染和酸沉降的重要原因.为定量地评估人为活动释放硫和天然生物成因硫对全球环境质量的相对影响,稳定硫同位素示踪技术是一新的发展方向.     

大气颗粒物对小鼠淋巴细胞的免疫毒性研究

采用大气颗粒物提取液观察对小鼠淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响，结果表明，各浓度的颗粒物液均能抑制小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应，其中５ｍｇ／ｍＬ浓度的抑制效果最显著，脾淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２的诱生也受各浓度颗粒物液的抑制，以１０ｍｇ／ｍＬ组抑制效果最明显。     

絮凝-DAF(dissolved air floatation)工艺的化学因素与颗粒特征研究

研究了絮凝－DAF工艺的化学因素和颗粒特征。PAC类絮凝剂的碱化度B值越高，其荷电量和立体结构越显著，絮凝－DAF工艺的除浊效果越好；但除了絮凝剂的电中和能力外，其形成絮体的结构特征也对絮凝－DAF工艺有影响。随着投药量、絮凝搅拌强度和时间的增加，絮体都分别会趋于某一极值尺寸而后逐渐变小，且较大粒度的密实絮体才是与微气泡作用效果最好的絮体。此外，增加絮凝搅拌强度和延长时间都可能有利于水中颗粒的去除，且DAF出水中粒径越大的颗粒含量越少，其中大于15μm的颗粒极少，但2－4μm的颗粒数目时常多于原水。     

脉冲放电粒子荷电机理的研究

脉冲电晕放电在脉冲期间产生大量的高能电子，形成粒子在电场中的电子荷电．依据粒子附近的电子密度Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎ分布和电子在粒子表面传输的速率方程，在电子的动能大于或等于粒子表面势垒能的边界条件基础上得到粒子在脉冲电晕场中粒子荷电的速率方程，并利用龙格库塔法求解荷电速率方程得到粒子在脉冲放电条件下的荷电量．计算结果表明脉冲放电下的粒子荷电量平均是直流电晕放电的离子荷电量的１８倍，最大荷电量是０５—１５μｍ范围内的粒子，荷电量是直流电晕的２６倍．这一结果不仅与Ｄａｖｉｄ的粒子自由电子荷电理论结果相似，而且与微细粒子电子荷电量测试结果基本一致．     

Kinetic analysis of anaerobic phosphorus release during biological phosphorus removal process

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a commonly used and sustainable method for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyphosphate, and glycogen are three kinds of intracellular storage polymers in phosphorus accumulation organisms. The variation of these polymers under different conditions has an apparent influence on anaerobic phosphorus release, which is very important for controlling the performance of EBPR. To obtain the mechanism and kinetic character of anaerobic phosphorus release, a series of batch experiments were performed using the excessively aerated sludge from the aerobic unit of the biological phosphorus removal system in this study. The results showed that the volatile suspended solid (VSS) had an increasing trend, while the mixed liquid suspended sludge (MLSS) and ashes were reduced during the anaerobic phosphorus release process. The interruption of anaerobic HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release occurs when the glycogen in the phosphorus-accumulating-organisms is exhausted. Under the condition of lower initial HAc-COD, HAc became the limiting factor after some time for anaerobic HAc uptake. Under the condition of higher initial HAc-COD, HAc uptake was stopped because of the depletion of glycogen in the microorganisms. The mean ratio of Δρ _P/Δρ _PHB, Δρ _GLY/Δρ _PHB, Δρ _P/ΔCOD, was 0.48, 0.50, 0.44, and 0.92, respectively, which was nearly the same as the theoretical value. The calibrated kinetic parameters of the HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release model were evaluated as follows: Q _HAc,max was 164 mg/(g · h), Q _P,max was 69.9 mg/(g · h), K _gly was 0.005, and KCOD was 3 mg/L. An apparently linear correlation was observed between the ratio of Δρ _P/ΔCOD and pH of the solution, and the equation between them was obtained in this study. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(9), 1164–1169 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

上流式斜流沉淀去除率公式的理论推导

结合斜流沉淀结构的特点，分析了流道内液芬布对颗粒沉淀过程的影响；污水中颗粒粒径分布对去除率的影响，从而理论上推导上流式斜流沉去除率的计算公式     

新型节能环保伴热方式与传统伴热方式的比较和经济分析

从技术性能上介绍石油化工工艺管道电伴热的优势和目前蒸汽伴热的缺陷。并以我公司一套常减压装置渣油线伴熟为例，对两种伴热方式进行比较和经济分析。