海水脱硫技术在日照电厂一期工程中的应用

随着国家节能减排政策的落实,我国沿海地区的很多大型燃煤电厂将选择烟气海水脱硫技术来改善大气环境质量。介绍了烟气海水脱硫技术在山东日照电厂一期工程中的应用情况,并对海水脱硫技术应用中出现的一些问题提出了建议。     

On the Laws and Causes of Socio-economic Territorial Differentiation in Minority Areas in China

On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socioeconomic development of minority areas in China. The result showed that socio-economic development in minority area presents a series of characteristics that the north is high and the south is low, center-margin pattern is obvious and the areas with middle and lower development indices are distributed centrally and continuously. However, the causes of the socioeconomic characteristics mainly include natural conditions, economic development basic, population cultural quality, regional combination and development conditions of mineral and energy resources, informal institutional factors and distribution of major traffic lines.     

江西大余县荡坪钨矿尾矿区自然植物组成及其重金属富集特征

研究江西大余县荡坪国有钨矿尾砂库区自然植物组成分布及其重金属富集特征,旨在为今后矿区植被重建与植物修复重金属污染土壤提供科学依据。结果表明：库区共出现了20种植物,隶属15科20属,其中草本植物14种,木本植物6种;这些植物明显生长不良,且主要分布在库区湿润或有水出现的沙土地区。尾砂库区中,不同重金属含量在同一植物体内大小趋势为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd。库区没有发现重金属的超富集植物,大部分为Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的耐性植物。荡坪尾砂库区土壤Cd污染严重,木贼与蜈蚣草为Cd的避性植物,可用于库区Cd污染土壤的植被重建先锋物种;土荆芥与香附子为Cd的积累植物,可以用于库区Cd污染土壤的植物修复;其它植物为Cd的排斥植物,可用于库区Cd污染土壤的植物固化.     

Analysis of willingness for relocation of the local communities living in the Critical Tiger Habitat of the Sariska Tiger Reserve,India

Many Indian Protected Areas (PAs) act as a support system for the communities living in and around them. Large-scale human interventions in these PAs have resulted in biodiversity loss, threat to wildlife and habitat fragmentation. The Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR) is no exception. In this reserve, tiger (Panthera tigris) became extinct in 2004.To create inviolate space for the reintroduced tigers, government has planned voluntary relocation of villages located inside Critical Tiger Habitat. The voluntary relocation plan will be more challenging if people are not willing to get relocated from PAs. Therefore, we have empirically analysed the identified factors influencing local communities’ willingness in getting relocated outside the STR using logit model. Results revealed that “restriction of access” and “market access” are the most influential factors and positively associated while forest dependency is negatively associated with local communities’ willingness. Based on these results, it was recommended that policy should be directed towards restriction on accessing forest resources along with reduction in forest dependency by nurturing and strengthening villagers’ livelihood to ensure successful relocation. Displacement of existed small markets around the reserve will also persuade them to relocate in areas more connected to market and other facilities.     

A case study of the opportunities and trade-offs associated with deproclamation of a protected area following a land claim in South Africa

Reconciling conservation and social justice imperatives is a major challenge facing many postcolonial states worldwide. Where historically disenfranchised communities have laid legal claim to protected areas, the typical resolution has been collaborative management agreements between the state and claimant communities. The real outcomes of such strategies for people and ecosystems have been seriously questioned, although alternative approaches are seldom explored. Here, we reflect on one such alternative that was pursued in a case in South Africa, where the land was handed back to the community and a replacement protected area created. Our objective was to explore the opportunities and trade-offs associated with this approach for communities and conservation agencies alike, and to compare these to typical collaborative management outcomes. Methods included key informant interviews, focus group discussions and household surveys. We find that, surprisingly, this approach created more benefits for the conservation agency than for claimant communities. Indeed, the community experiences bore a striking resemblance to those experienced in collaborative management settings: intra-community conflict, confusion over leadership and serious questions about the boundaries of the “community”. Processes aimed at redressing past injustice in disputes over conservation land, regardless of the approach adopted, must bring with them a strong commitment to building institutional and leadership capacities within communities, and pay serious attention to the ways in which equity and social justice can be fostered after the settlement of a land claim. Settlement agreements are frequently treated as the final step towards social justice, but are in fact just the beginning.     

长江流域重要生态环境敏感区分布现状

采用叠图法、数学统计等方法,对长江流域自然保护区、风景名胜区、地质公园、森林公园、世界文化和自然遗产地的数量、面积、分布等基本情况进行了识别、整理、统计分析与制图,从长江流域内分布的具有全球保护意义、国家保护意义、流域保护意义、区域保护意义的角度,辨识长江流域存在的不同类型的生态环境敏感区,同时分析了水能资源丰富的长江上游区重要生态环境敏感区分布状况。长江流域已形成了以自然保护区、风景名胜区、地质公园、森林公园、世界文化和自然遗产地等多类型、多层次的自然与文化资源保护体系,对中国自然与文化资源保护具有重要作用     

基于RS和GIS的汶川地震极重灾区生态恢复监测——以都江堰市为例

"5.12"汶川地震造成灾区尤其极重灾区严重的生态破坏。论文以都江堰市为例,利用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)等手段对震害区土地利用/植被覆盖变化进行监测,对动态变化进行定量分析,得到都江堰市地震生态受损及灾后两年生态恢复信息,并结合DEM对变化信息进行空间分析,研究灾害发生、生态恢复与坡度的相关关系,从而为灾区生态环境的恢复重建和保障生态安全提供借鉴和依据。     

边远少数民族贫困地区民族村寨旅游开发研究——以贵州黔东南西江苗寨为例

以贵州省黔东南州西江苗寨为例,通过田野调查了解西江苗寨的旅游发展历程,在分析旅游开发对西江苗寨民族文化产生积极作用的基础之上,探析旅游快速发展背景下的西江苗寨民族文化旅游开发问题。针对西江苗寨旅游开发过程中出现的问题,提出西江苗寨民族文化保护性旅游开发对策。     

Factors influencing local ecological knowledge maintenance in Mediterranean watersheds: Insights for environmental policies

Local ecological knowledge (LEK) has been found to be one of the main bridges to manage biocultural diversity. We analyzed the factors affecting LEK maintenance and transmission in a Mediterranean watershed. We used a mixed methods approach to evaluate the agricultural LEK in three different dimensions: biological, soil and water management, and forecasting. We found that the main factors for its maintenance were the respondent''s time living in the area and the social relationships established among farmers, which involved partner collaboration and farmer information exchanges. Protected areas also played a key role for maintaining the LEK associated with soil and water management. Finally, we found that outmigration and mechanization were the most important indirect drivers of change underlying LEK erosion. We suggest that environmental policies should focus on promoting this experiential knowledge, considering both intergenerational renewal and the gendered aspects of this knowledge.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0556-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

饮用水功能区水环境健康风险阈值体系研究

结合天津市饮用水功能区水环境现状,筛选出14种特征污染物,通过危害识别将其分为化学致癌物、非致癌有毒物和特殊物质3类。针对不同类别污染物建立健康风险评价模型,给出化学致癌物的致癌强度系数、非致癌有毒物参考剂量、人均寿命、不同年龄段人群日均饮水量和平均体重等参数,建立针对不同人群的饮用水功能区水质风险阈值体系。在此基础上,对天津市饮用水功能区——于桥水库进行水质风险进行评价。结果显示,于桥水库国控监测点位10个监测指标中,氨氮、挥发酚、汞、铅具有健康风险,4个指标的浓度均处于10-7的风险水平以下,说明于桥水库水环境健康程度较好,4个指标对成人及儿童的风险水平排序为铅氨氮汞挥发酚,重金属铅是主要健康风险污染物。