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161.
于2014年1月至12月对湖北省9个城市21家典型企业的固定燃烧源进行了典型大气颗粒物及挥发性有机物(VOCs)的监测工作,研究了固定燃烧源大气颗粒物及VOCs的排放特征及其物质组成。结果表明:大气颗粒物年排放总量与装机容量呈正相关关系,颗粒物粒径越细占总颗粒物的质量百分比越低;不同燃料的锅炉废气中的PM10和PM2.5质量浓度表现为:石油焦煤生活垃圾,燃气锅炉废气中只检出PM1.0;焦化厂和炼铁厂锅炉废气中的VOCs以烯(炔)烃为主,各占79.21%和81.09%,乙烯占总VOCs的百分比最高,分别为69.13%和68.88%;燃油锅炉废气中的VOCs以烯(炔)烃(91.74%)为主,燃气锅炉废气中的VOCs以烯(炔)烃(37.96%)和醛脂(38.79%)为主;锅炉废气中VOCs的组分和浓度受锅炉使用类型和燃料类型差异的影响,排放废气中的VOCs浓度水平表现为:焦化厂锅炉炼铁厂锅炉,燃油锅炉燃气锅炉,且组分更复杂。 相似文献
162.
上海市大气中PM10浓度的统计分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以上海市2002年-2009年的PM10实测数据和同步气象资料为研究对象进行上海市PM10污染分析研究。对2002年-2009年的监测数据进行分析、归纳,得到了上海市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度的季节变化规律、每日小时变化规律以及上海市不同地区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度的分布特征,并对这种特征及变化规律进行了详尽地分析。研究表明上海市空气环境质量在逐年好转,其标志是累计超标污染天数每年减少5天;在一年当中,污染天数最多的是冬季,其次是春季,最少的是夏季;在空气环境质量逐年好转的大趋势下,针对其产生的原因进行了分析。 相似文献
163.
采用一定规格的石墨探针可直接收集大气微料物质(APM)。然后,立即采用石墨探针炉原子吸收光谱测定收集在探针上的APM中痕量铜。方法简便,快速。在0-550ng/mL范围内,铜的浓度与峰面积吸光度呈良好的线性关系。铜的特征量为22.0pg,检出限为6.6ng/mL。分析标准参比材料,铜的回收率达98%,相对标准偏差为3.3%。 相似文献
164.
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167.
研究了采伐迹地32a生的青(x)(Picea wilsonii)和29 a生的云杉(Picea asperata)两种人工群落平均木地径(Db/cm)、胸径(DBH/cm)、树高(h/m)、生物量(Vind/m3)以及群落的生物量(V/m3hm-2)生长过程,探讨了两群落的生物量和两种群个体数分布规律.主要结果为:①云杉的平均带皮地径(Dbb/cm)、带皮胸径(DBHb/cm)、平均h和Vind分别为16.3、12.9、9.14、0.05908,而青的则分别为8.1、5.2、5.65、0.00571.②云杉和青群落的V/m3.hm-2分别是155.09和23.55.③云杉Db、DBH、h、和Vind生长高峰期分别在树龄10~16 a、14~18 a、20~24 a和20 a;而青(x)的上述值生长高峰期则分别在树龄24 a、18~22 a、20~24 a和32 a.④按胸径级分布,云杉和青(x)群落中胸径<13 cm的个体的V分别占各群落总生物量(Vt)的25.51%和100%;其个体数分别占各群落总个体数的58.74%和100%.⑤按生长级分布,云杉和青群落的I、II级木的V分别占各群落Vt的90%和57.64%;其个体数分别占各群落总个体数的63.7%和22.08%. 相似文献
168.
Gerald Spindler Konrad Müller Hartmut Herrmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):89-94
Aerosol filter samples have been collected nearby the industrialised basin of Leipzig in Saxony (Germany) at the research station Melpitz of the Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (IfT). Time series (1992–1998) and a three year comparison (1995–1997) of two different aerosol filter sampling systems, the Sierra-Andersen-PM 10 high volume sampler (daily sample, PM 10 inlet) and the Rupprecht and Patashnik Co. Inc. Model Partisol 2000 (weekly sample, PM 10 and PM 2.5 inlet) are presented and discussed. The comparison of the different sampling systems and strategies yields small differences between the daily and weekly samples for mass and different ions, which may be influenced by sampling duration and flow rates. A general trend of change in aerosol composition was observed: Soot and Sulphate concentrations decreased whereas Nitrate and Ammonium concentrations increased. During summers the mass of coarse particles is higher than in other seasons. One reason could be found in the occurence of longer periods of dry ground surfaces enabling reemission of crustal and biological material. The time series have been integrated in a longer historical aerosol mass trend for Saxony and do show a good agreement. Since 1990 a significant downward trend in gravimetric mass concentration was found. 相似文献
169.
An overview of the application of organic geochemistry to the analysis of organic matter on aerosol particles is presented
here. This organic matter is analyzed as solvent extractable bitumen/ lipids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The
organic geochemical approach assesses the origin, the environmental history and the nature of secondary products of organic
matter by using the data derived from specific molecular analyses. Evaluations of production and fluxes, with cross-correlations
can thus be made by the application of the same separation and analytical procedures to samples from point source emissions
and the ambient atmosphere. This will be illustrated here with typical examples from the ambient atmosphere (aerosol particles)
and from emissions of biomass burning (smoke).
Organic matter in aerosols is derived from two major sources and is admixed depending on the geographic relief of the air
shed. These sources are biogenic detritus (e.g., plant wax, microbes, etc.) and anthropogenic particle emissions (e.g., oils,
soot, synthetics, etc.). Both biogenic detritus and some of the anthropogenic particle emissions contain organic materials
which have unique and distinguishable compound distribution patterns (C14-C40). Microbial and vascular plant lipids are the dominant biogenic residues and petroleum hydrocarbons, with lesser amounts
of the pyrogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and synthetics (e.g., chlorinated compounds), are the major anthropogenic
residues.
Biomass combustion is another important primary source of particles injected into the global atmosphere. It contributes many
trace substances which are reactants in atmospheric chemistry and soot paniculate matter with adsorbed biomarker compounds,
most of which are unknown chemical structures. The injection of natural product organic compounds into smoke occurs primarily
by direct volatilization/steam stripping and by thermal alteration based on combustion temperature. Although the molecular
composition of organic matter in smoke particles is highly variable, the molecular tracers are generally still source specific.
Retene has been utilized as a tracer for conifer smoke in urban aerosols, but is not always detectable. Dehydroabietic acid
is generally more concentrated in the atmosphere from the same emission sources. Degradation products from biopolymers (e.g.,
levoglucosan from cellulose) are also excellent tracers. An overview of the biomarker compositions of biomass smoke types
is presented here. Defining additional tracers of thermally-altered and directly-emitted natural products in smoke aids the
assessment of the organic matter type and input from biomass combustion to aerosols. The precursor to product approach of
compound characterization by organic geochemistry can be applied successfully to provide tracers for studying the chemistry
and dispersion of ambient aerosols and smoke plumes.
Presented at the 6th FECS Conference on Chemistry and the Environment, Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Pollution, August 26–28,
1998, Copenhagen. 相似文献
170.
江津市紫色土中N、P养分元素区域空间变异性研究 总被引:49,自引:2,他引:47
利用地统计学,结合GIS研究紫色土土壤表层(0~20cm)的全氮、碱解氮、全磷和速效磷4种养分含量的空间分布特征结果表明,全氮和速效氮为正态分布,全磷和速效磷为对数正态分布;通过半方差函数分析,发现全氮存在纯块金效应,块金值为0.2,其它养分在一定间距内(50m)存在空间相关性,且为中等强度的空间自相关性(块金值与基台值之比在25%~75%之间);用普通克立格法和对数正态克立格法进行最优内插,做各种养分含量的分布图.结合GIS可充分了解土壤中N、P养分的空间变异性规律,并可进一步应用于精确施肥和农业非点源污染预测和控制. 相似文献