Characteristic Study of Dry Deposition, Concentration, Compositions for Particulates Mass and Ionic Species During Summer and Autumn Season at a Traffic Sampling Site

Aerosol samples for dry deposition and total suspend particulates (TSP) were collected from August to November of 2003 in central Taiwan. Ion chromatography was used to analyze the related water-soluble ionic species (Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺). The results obtained in this study indicated that the ambient air particulate mass concentrations in the daytime period (averaged 975.4 μg m⁻³) were higher than the nighttime period (averaged 542.1 μg m⁻³). And the daytime dry deposition fluxes (averaged 58.12 μg m⁻² sec⁻¹) were about 2.2 times as that of nighttime dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.54 μg m⁻² sec⁻¹) of the downward dry deposition. The average values downward and upward of dry deposition fluxes for the weekend period were almost higher than the weekday period for either daytime or nighttime period. Furthermore, the average daytime dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.37 μg m⁻² sec⁻¹) were also about 2.3 times as that of nighttime dry deposition fluxes (averaged 11.52 μg m⁻² sec⁻¹). Moreover, the results also indicate that SO₄ ²⁻ and Ca²⁺ have higher average composition for total suspended particulates in the daytime period while Ca²⁺, SO₄ ²⁻, and Na⁺ have the higher average composition for total suspends particulates in the nighttime period.     

沸腾炉大气污染物的生成与排放特征分析

以20台沸腾炉(功率小于等于60 MW)的燃料特性分析数据和大气污染物的排放实测数据为基础,利用统计分析方法,研究了燃烧过程中排放的颗粒物(PM)、SO_2和NO_x初始排放浓度的影响因素,分析了沸腾炉PM、SO_2和NO_x排放现状,探讨了我国中小型沸腾炉PM、SO_2和NO_x排放管理控制的潜力和可行性.实验结果表明:在锅炉运行负荷大于等于80%的条件下,中小型沸腾炉PM的初始排放浓度基本上不受锅炉出力、过量空气系数和燃煤灰分含量的影响;燃煤的硫含量越高,SO_2初始排放浓度越高;过量空气系数越大,燃煤挥发分越低,NO_x初始排放浓度越高.     

大气非均相反应及其环境效应

大气颗粒物是地球大气的重要组成成分之一,以全球气候和区域环境质量具有重要影响.由于大气颗粒物具有区域牲强、寿命较短和组成多样且不均匀等特点,使得其气候和环境效应具有相当大的不确定性,而颗粒物表面发生的非均相反应,一方面可改变痕量气体的源汇平衡,另一方面会改变颗粒物本身的表面组成、形貌和与之相关的吸湿性和光学性质,从而进...     

天然提取物抗PM2.5诱导A549细胞凋亡的作用

采集北京城区大气可吸人颗粒物中的细颗粒物(PM25),用其对人肺腺癌A549细胞染毒,探讨PM25对细胞增殖的毒性和诱导细胞凋亡的作用,并且考察了加入不同浓度的红豆越橘提取物和竹叶提取物对其的抗性作用.实验采用MTT法检测细胞增殖作用,采用Annexi V-FITC/PI双染法和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡.结果显示:PM2...     

Suggestion on further strengthening ultra-low emission standards for PM emission from coal-fired power plants in China

China has established the largest clean coal-fired power generation system in the world by accomplishing the technological transformation of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs) to achieve ultra-low emission. The potential for further particulate matter(PM) emission reduction to achieve near-zero emission for CFPPs has become a hotspot issue. In this study,PM emission from some ultra-low emission CFPPs adopting advanced air pollutant control technologies in China was reviewed. The results revealed tha...     

武汉军运会前后大气PM2.5化学组分和来源

基于第七届世界军人运动会前后武汉大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)及其化学组分的在线监测数据,分析了管控前、管控期和管控后PM_2.5的质量浓度和化学组分,并通过PMF结合后向轨迹的聚类分析和浓度权重轨迹开展来源解析.研究揭示了军运会前后武汉市PM_2.5对本地和周边区域管控措施的响应,可为PM_2.5的区域精准防控提供依据.在减排措施影响下,管控期间ρ(PM_2.5)为(31.3±12.0)μg·m^-3,比管控前降低14.7%;而二次组分有明显生成,其中硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐(SNA)质量浓度升高25.6%.管控后由于湿度降低和西北气团的影响,SNA的质量浓度降低36.9%,矿质元素的质量浓度升高4.7倍.源解析表明管控前后机动车尾气的整体贡献率变化不显著(P<0.05).管控期工业排放和燃煤贡献分别较非管控期降低68.1%和43.7%,二次源贡献上升89.5%.由于并未针对机动车尾气采取大规模控制,管控期NO^-₃和NO<...     

北京道路交通环境亚微米颗粒物元素组成特征及来源分析

于2011年12月和2012年8月对北京北四环道路交通环境中亚微米颗粒物(PM1)进行了采样,并对PM1的质量浓度、元素组成及主要来源进行了分析.夏季非灰霾时段PM1日平均浓度为(52.5±29.9)μg·m-3,灰霾时段PM1浓度增加到(154.2±36.3)μg·m-3;冬季非灰霾时段PM1日均浓度为(59.6±32.5)μg·m-3.采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)对颗粒物中元素进行分析,共得到Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Ba和Pb等21种元素的质量浓度.其中S、Cl、K、Na、Si、Zn、Fe和Ca等8种元素含量较高,占测试元素质量浓度90%以上.污染元素浓度呈现显著的季节差异,夏季S元素浓度较高,冬季As、Cl、K、Pb、Mn、V、Cd和P等元素浓度较高.应用富集因子法发现,PM1相对PM2.5能够更好地反映人为源的元素污染特征.应用因子分析法分析出PM1的3个元素浓度贡献主成分因子:因子1反映燃煤、交通源排放和生物质燃烧,因子2反映道路及建筑扬尘贡献,因子3反映机动车排放和工业排放.因子1和因子3之和的夏季和冬季贡献比例分别高达46.8%和68.3%,表明来自机动车、燃煤、生物质燃烧等重要人为源对道路交通环境PM1浓度的贡献显著高于其他来源.灰霾期间S、As、Pb等污染元素浓度明显高于非灰霾期间,地壳元素在灰霾期间无明显浓度变化.     

小浪底水库水沙调控影响下的黄河POC输送特征研究

于2011年11月—2012年10月在黄河小浪底站和花园口站进行连续采样观测并结合同期水文资料,研究了在小浪底水库水沙调控影响下黄河颗粒有机碳(POC)的输送规律.结果表明,在小浪底水库正常调度期间,小浪底站和花园口站POC含量分别为0.37~0.65 mg·L-1和1.88~6.47 mg·L-1,小浪底站POC含量明显低于同期的花园口站.在小浪底水库调水调沙期间,小浪底站和花园口站的POC含量分别为0.43~693.75 mg·L-1和6.97~210.65 mg·L-1,在水库泄水阶段小浪底站POC含量明显低于花园口站,而在水库排沙阶段小浪底站POC含量又明显高于花园口站.小浪底站和花园口站全年POC输送量分别为53.2万t和49.2万t,其中,7—8月POC输送量最多,小浪底站7—8月POC输送量占全年POC输送量的97.5%,花园口站7—8月POC输送量占全年POC输送量的78.2%.小浪底水库"水沙调控"对黄河POC输送的影响明显不同于其他河流上的水库,它不仅拦蓄上游输送的POC,而在特定时间又将拦蓄水库中的POC大量排出水库.     

长沙市冬季某商场建筑室内外细颗粒物浓度的实测与分析

对长沙市冬季某商场建筑室内餐饮区、化妆品区、鞋包区、服饰区和室外同步进行了细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度的实测.分析了室内不同功能区、室外PM2.5质量浓度随时间的变化特征,并分析了温度、相对湿度、风速、大气压力对PM2.5质量浓度的影响.结果表明:室外PM2.5质量浓度高于室内;室内餐饮区PM2.5质量浓度最高,其次是化妆品区和服装区,鞋包区最低;室内人为活动和室外污染共同影响着室内颗粒物质量浓度;风速与PM2.5质量浓度相关性较弱,温度、相对湿度、大气压力与PM2.5质量浓度具有较强的相关性.     

Identification of hot spot and safe zones of ambient air quality in North Maharashtra region,India

The continuous infrastructural and economic development exerted pressure on the environmental conditions of the North Maharashtra region. The air quality of North Maharashtra region was analysed for the identification of hot spots and safe zones of ambient air quality. The result shows air pollution at some part of North Maharashtra region. The levels of particulate matter were above the prescribed limits especially at Bhusawal, Dhule and Jalgaon Urban centres. The traces of polyaromatic hydrocarbons were also observed in the urban centres of study area. The binary ratios of the persistent prevailing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)'s show great correlation with the vehicular exhaust in the study region. The higher levels of pollutants in the study region were recorded in the post-monsoon season. The present study is first of its kind in the North Maharashtra region and an attempt has been made to analyse the anthropogenic sources and concentration of air pollutants in the area. The air pollutants reduce the defence system of human body and lead into severe health consequences like damage of lung tissues with escalation in the existing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.