低污染的危险废物焚烧技术研究

目前危险废物焚烧中产生的污染物主要通过尾气处理去除 ,本文认为尾气处理应与通过控制焚烧条件减少尾气中污染物的原始浓度相结合 ,以减少后续处理设备的投资。本文主要讨论了控制危险废物焚烧中主要污染物颗粒物、氯化氢、SOx、NOx、二的焚烧技术     

CTMAB-膨润土去除水中有机物的性能及机理

用溴化十六烷基三甲铵（CTMAB）改性膨润土,研究了CTMAB膨润土去除水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、硝基苯、苯胺、苯酚、对硝基苯酚的性能、机理及影响因素。结果表明,CTMAB-膨润土去除水中有机物的能力远大于原土;CTMAB-膨润土对苯、甲苯、乙苯的等温吸附曲线呈线性;对水中苯酚、对硝基苯酚的等温吸附曲线呈非线性;对苯胺、硝基苯的等温吸附曲线基本呈线性。CTMAB-膨润土吸附水中有机物的性能及机理与有机物的水溶性或辛醇－水分配系数有关。     

单嘧磺隆正辛醇-水分配系数的测定

本文建立了水中微量单嘧磺隆的测定方法 ,方法的平均添加回收率为 97 6%—1 0 1 93%,变异系数为 0 47%— 3 96%,单嘧磺隆的最小检出量为 2× 1 0 - 9g ,最小检出浓度为 0 0 2 μg·ml- 1 .摇瓶法对单嘧磺隆正辛醇 水分配系数的测定结果表明 ,单嘧磺隆在二次蒸馏水和pH 7 0缓冲液中的Kow分别为 3 90± 0 1 4和 2 1 9± 0 1 4 ,lgKow分别为 0 5 9± 0 0 3和 0 34± 0 0 6,在双蒸水中的测定结果与EPIWIN程序的预测结果一致     

基于KCC-PF的锂离子电池剩余使用寿命预测

目的 针对传统粒子滤波(PF)算法应用于锂电池剩余使用寿命(RUL)预测时准确性低的问题,将肯德尔秩次相关系数(KCC)引入传统PF的重采样过程,改善粒子匮乏问题,提出一种基于KCC-PF的锂电池RUL预测方法.方法 首先建立电池容量衰减模型,验证模型的准确性和有效性,并确定模型初始参数,利用KCC-PF算法循环更新模...     

大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥结构稳定与动力性能研究

为研究大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥结构稳定与动力性能,以某竖直双吊杆简支拱为工程背景,从拱桥吊杆设计形式和不同动力模型角度出发,研究系杆拱桥影响线特征以及不同列车激励下对桥跨结构的冲击系数.利用有限元软件ANSYS与UM(Uni-versal Mechanism)动力学分析软件联合建模,进行仿真分析.结果表明:斜吊杆拱、网状吊...     

大气化学非均相反应摄取系数的测定

摄取系数是表征大气非均相反应的重要物理化学参数,也是大气颗粒物表面摄取气体能力的重要量化指标.本文综述了摄取系数的主要概念、主要测定方法和影响因素,以NaCl与NO2非均相反应为例,讨论了用漫反射傅立叶转换红外原位反应器扩散实验方式测定反应摄取系数的方法和误差,分析了气体扩散深度与红外穿透厚度对测定结果的影响,并测定了初始反应摄取系数.     

Correlation of Black Smoke and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Through Field Testing of in-Use Diesel Vehicles

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) uses water clarity as a water quality indicator for integrated assessments of coastal waters. After the publication of the first National Coastal Condition Report (USEPA, 2001c), the national water clarity reference value of 10% of ambient surface light at 1~m depth was reevaluated and modified to reflect expected differences in regional reference light conditions. These regional differences range from naturally turbid estuaries like those found in Mississippi and Louisiana to clear water estuaries expected to support extensive beds of submerged aquatic vegetation in, e.g., Florida and Tampa Bays. For the second National Coastal Condition Report, water clarity was assessed based on regional reference values (USEPA, 2004). Different regional water clarity reference values and data collection methods necessitated the development of a water clarity index based on light attenuation coefficients (k). This index incorporates regional reference conditions and is interchangeable with secchi depth and percent light transmission calculated from light meter measurements. Evaluation of the water clarity index shows that k values based on transmissivity at 1~m can be estimated from secchi depth measurements and successfully used as a surrogate for transmissivity calculated from light meter data. An approach for assessing water clarity in Gulf of Mexico estuaries using light meter data and secchi depth is presented.     

纤维束滤床直接过滤动力学模型

应用单位床单元概念和圆柱池多孔介质模型,推导得到上向流纤维束滤床初始过滤系数表达式,其中收集效率由操作参数构成的无量纲数群关联得到,并据此探讨了悬浮颗粒的去除机理.假设过滤系数是滤床比表面积和空隙流速的函数,推得过滤系数的半经验公式,进而得到了过滤动力学模型.模型中的参数被赋予了明确的物理意义,且能反映操作条件对动力学行为的影响.在不同尺寸悬浮颗粒和不同表观滤速下进行了过滤实验.模型预测值与实验结果比较表明,二者具有一致性.     

中国高新技术产业的地理格局与地理集中

与传统产业相比,高新技术产业对地理集中具有更加强烈的内在要求,这导致其地理格局与传统产业具有明显的差别。在产业集中指数等相关理论方法和实证分析的基础上,力图从地理学视角,结合高新技术产业的时间序列数据和2008年断面数据,从整体产业和分行业研究了高新技术产业地理格局和地理集中的现状和变动趋势。研究发现,我国高新技术产业高度集中在沿海省区和陕、川两省,省区间差距悬殊;高新技术产业产值份额同经济发展显著相关。时间序列分析表明：长时间尺度产业集中持续增强,近年来趋于稳定;地理格局逐渐清晰,核心省区凸显。不同行业由于产业性质、发展基础、资源需求和市场群体的差异,有其各自的集中态势和演变趋势。     

Spatial distribution of soil heavy metal pollution estimated by different interpolation methods: accuracy and uncertainty analysis

Mapping the spatial distribution of contaminants in soils is the basis of pollution evaluation and risk control. Interpolation methods are extensively applied in the mapping processes to estimate the heavy metal concentrations at unsampled sites. The performances of interpolation methods (inverse distance weighting, local polynomial, ordinary kriging and radial basis functions) were assessed and compared using the root mean square error for cross validation. The results indicated that all interpolation methods provided a high prediction accuracy of the mean concentration of soil heavy metals. However, the classic method based on percentages of polluted samples, gave a pollution area 23.54-41.92% larger than that estimated by interpolation methods. The difference in contaminated area estimation among the four methods reached 6.14%. According to the interpolation results, the spatial uncertainty of polluted areas was mainly located in three types of region: (a) the local maxima concentration region surrounded by low concentration (clean) sites, (b) the local minima concentration region surrounded with highly polluted samples; and (c) the boundaries of the contaminated areas.