壬基酚对斑马鱼精巢组织及性激素合成酶基因表达的影响

壬基酚（NP）是广泛存在于水体中的环境内分泌干扰物,会影响鱼类的生殖和发育.为了解NP影响鱼类精巢发育的分子机制,将成年雄性斑马鱼（Danio rerio）暴露于不同浓度（0、125、250、500μg·L-1）NP下21d,用常规组织学方法研究试验鱼精巢组织结构的变化,并用荧光定量PCR（QRT-PCR）方法检测试验...     

Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle （Anadara granosa） and exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) present in the sediment and water of Peninsular Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (t-PAHs) were measured between 0.80 0.04 to 162.96 14.74 ng/g wet weight (ww) in sediment, between 21.85 2.18 to 76.2 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between 3.34 0.77 to 46.85 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Case I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was (8.82 0.54) 10??6 to (2.67 0.06) 10??2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern.     

军山湖河蚬的种群动态及生产量研究

2005年4月-2006年3月年间对军山湖河蚬进行了周年逐月采集,对河蚬的种群动态进行了分析,并采用Brey经验公式测算了军山湖河蚬周年生产量。结果表明,河蚬周年平均生物量为115.84 g/m2,平均密度为51.93 ind./m2。种群密度及生物量峰值出现在58、月5,月分别为90.67 ind./m21,87.39 g/m2;8月分别为72 ind./m2,170.67 g/m2。密度及生物量在次年3月份为最低值,分别为27.2 ind./m2,58.88 g/m2。河蚬周年生产量(AFDW)为10.86(g/m2.yr),P/B系数为0.52,结果较为合理。P/B系数较低,说明这一资源日趋贫乏,需要合理的保护利用。     

东北深源地震对黑龙江及邻近地区浅源地震的影响分析

1900年以来东北深源地震区6．0级以上深源地震与黑龙江及邻近地区5级左右浅源地震存在较好的对应关系。通过概率增益模型检验这种对应关系,发现并非随机对应,而是存在一定的内在物理联系。通过B分布函数的概率计算,预测2010年2月19日中俄交界6．5级地震后两年内,黑龙江及邻近地区发生5级左右地震的概率为0．58。     

氯氧铁非均相催化过氧化氢降解罗丹明B

传统芬顿(Fenton)法因反应pH值低、产生大量铁泥等限制其规模化应用.采用化学气相转变法制备氯氧铁(FeOCl)纳米片,选择罗丹明B为模型污染物,研究FeOCl作为类芬顿催化剂催化过氧化氢(H_2O_2)降解罗丹明B性能.通过扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和X射线衍射光谱(XRD)等表征结果显示,FeOCl晶型结构完整、呈现纳米片状,可充分暴露催化活性位点.罗丹明B降解实验结果表明,H_2O_2投量为1. 67 mmol·L~(-1)时,投加200 mg·L~(-1)FeOCl,可使得罗丹明B去除率由15. 5%提高至100%(15 min). FeOCl的催化性能随pH升高而降低,初始pH为3、5和7时,反应15 min后罗丹明B去除率分别为100%、100%和84. 0%,初始pH提升至9,去除率则显著降低至57. 6%.与传统Fenton法比较,FeOCl催化H_2O_2的pH值范围明显拓展,在弱酸性和中性条件下表现出优良的催化性能.自由基淬灭实验表明,FeOCl/H_2O_2体系催化降解罗丹明B起主要作用的是羟基自由基(·OH).电子自旋共振波谱仪测定(EPR)结果表明,单独H_2O_2体系未检测出明显的自由基信号,而投加FeOCl使得·OH信号显著增强,·OH是降解罗丹明B的主要氧化活性物种.     

上海市PM2.5中重金属元素对COVID-19控制的高频响应

为研究城市大气重金属元素在新冠控制前、中（与春节重叠）、后的演化和来源,利用多金属在线分析仪于2020年1月1日至2月26日测定了上海市PM_2.5中重金属元素的小时浓度.利用PMF模型确定了8个来源.结果表明,大部分元素的浓度呈现"V"字型的变化趋势,主要受烟花爆竹（特征性元素有K、Cu、Ba）、Se工业、道路扬尘（Ca、Fe、Ba）和机动车（Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu）等排放源影响.但在新冠控制期间,K、Ba和Cu浓度仍较高.以Cu元素为例的特殊事件分析表明,其浓度高值在控制期前显著受到外来传输的影响,在控制期内主要来自于本地烟花爆竹排放的影响.     

活性炭及活性炭纤维对CS2的吸附行为研究及其方法探讨

以活性炭纤维(ACF)对水中CS:的吸附处理作为研究对象,并与另外两种活性炭(颗粒活性炭GAC和粉末活性炭PAC)进行对比研究,展示了ACF对CS:的优异吸附性能与处理效果,即吸附容量大,吸附低浓度效果好.同时运用新的宽平衡浓度吸附试验方法,测试了ACF、GAC、PAC对CS2的吸附平衡曲线,并对几种常见的吸附等温方程...     

Intensification of degradation of aqueous solutions of rhodamine B using sonochemical reactors at operating capacity of 7 L

In the present work, degradation of rhodamine B, a typical dye effluent commonly observed in chemical processing wastewaters has been investigated using a sonochemical reactor with capacity of 7 L. The reactor consists of an ultrasonic bath equipped with a single large transducer having longitudinal vibrations with operating frequency of 25 kHz and rated power output of 1 kW. The effect of operational conditions such as the rhodamine B initial concentration, operating pH and use of additives such as H(2)O(2), CCl(4) and TiO(2) has been investigated initially. A mathematical model has also been fitted to estimate the rate constant for rhodamine B removal under different operating conditions. Intensification studies have been carried by combining sonochemical oxidation with photocatalytic oxidation under optimized conditions. In all the investigated systems, complete removal of rhodamine B (10 ppm initial concentration) was obtained using a combination of sonochemical reactor and CCl(4). Sonocatalysis (in the presence of TiO(2)) of rhodamine B showed 92% degradation, while sonophotocatalysis gave degradation of 93%. TOC analysis at various optimum conditions was also performed to quantify the extent of mineralization and it was observed that the extent of mineralization is always lower than the extent of removal of parent compound.     

桑沟湾大型底栖动物的次级生产力

根据2009年夏季和冬季在桑沟湾9个大面站进行的大型底栖动物定量采集样品资料,利用Brey(1990)的经验公式对调查海区进行了大型底栖动物丰度、生物量、次级生产力和P/B值的研究计算.结果表明,该海域大型底栖动物年平均丰度为1 226.7 ind m-2,年平均生物量为3.62 g(AFDW)m-2,年平均生产力为4.76 g(AFDW)m-2 a-1,P/B值平均为1.45 a-1.调查期间由湾口到湾底,次级生产力呈明显的梯度升高.相关分析表明,水深和水温是影响次级生产力的重要环境因子.通过比较,发现桑沟湾大型底栖动物次级生产力与南黄海相近,高于东海、长江口和深沪湾,低于渤海、胶州湾、大亚湾和海坛海峡;P/B值低于长江口、海坛海峡和深沪湾,高于其它海区,说明桑沟湾大型底栖动物群落中,个体小、生活史短、代谢快的种类所占比例低于海坛海峡和深沪湾,高于其它海区.图2表3参25     

地震灾区河谷滑坡检测的遥感分析——以北川县滑坡为例

震区滑坡易堵塞河道形成高危型堰塞湖,一旦坝堤溃决,将释放巨大能量,造成严重的地震次生水灾。本文利用多源遥感数据,旨在研究一种检测河道滑坡的快速有效的方法,迅速判断出滑坡位置,为救援减灾提供重要信息。首先,对于灾前CBERS-02B星CCD数据,通过归一化水体指数(NDWI)来提取灾前水体信息主要为河道;由于灾后震区天气状况恶劣,故采用Radarsat-1SAR数据。利用水体在SAR影像上的特性,经过多次试验后使用阈值法来提取河道范围。再对两幅影像提取结果中的河道区域进行交集运算,检测出河道范围内的变化部分。通过上述方法提取的河道信息较为模糊、零散,这些模糊、零散并非都由滑坡堵塞河道造成,而是受噪声影响,在此对河道交集影像做膨胀处理,达到突出滑坡信息的目的,进而得以提取河道真实堵塞范围。最后进行人机交互判读,提取滑坡区域。实验以四川省北川县滑坡灾害为例,证明了本文方法的高效性与可靠性。