黔城推覆体群的形态、结构和运动学特征

在华南中、新生代红盆中存在一系列由元古宇 -古生界地层组成的地质体 ,突起于红盆之中。许多学者对其成因进行了研究 ,得出了不同的结论。笔者对沅麻盆地南段主体由板溪群、震旦系组成的黔城推覆体群进行了研究 ,认为其成因与印支期以来川、黔、湘地区存在的、由南东向北西推覆的区域性构造事件有关 ,其形态、结构与国内外许多典型的推覆结构有相似之处。该推覆体由数条撕裂断层分为几个叠瓦体 ,各有不同的形态、结构特征。本文用被动顶板双重构造模式来解释该推覆体群的运动学模式 ,并据该区的地质特征对经典的被动顶板双重构造模式进行了补充。     

重组酵母测评系统对环境样品雌激素活性的检测

采用重组酵母测评系统对香烟烟雾溶液和汽车尾气提取物分别进行雌激素活性的测定.结果显示在受试浓度下,PBS烟雾溶液和DMSO烟雾溶液的β-半乳糖苷酶活性与溶剂对照相比均无显著性差异(P>0·05).汽油燃料车尾气在600mL·mL-1时,其酵母菌液OD600明显低于DMSO对照组(P<0·05);在150mL·mL-1剂量时,汽油燃料车尾气所检出的β-半乳糖苷酶活性为44·56,与DMSO对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0·05),当剂量增加至300mL·mL-1,酶活性升高为66·43,约为对照组的12倍,其它各剂量组酶活性与DMSO对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0·05);甲醇燃料车尾气的β-半乳糖苷酶活性与溶剂对照相比无显著性差异(P>0·05).提示汽油燃料车尾气具有弱雌激素活性,甲醇燃料车尾气和香烟烟雾溶液未检出雌激素活性.     

北武夷地区前寒武系变质岩地球化学特征

通过对北武夷地区前寒武系变质岩的岩石化学、稀土元素及微量元素等综合研究 ,从中元古代铁沙街岩组、周潭岩组到晚震旦世至早寒武世万源组、洪山组、外管坑组 ,SiO2 、K2 O、K2 O/Na2 O等具有逐渐增大的趋势 ,而TiO2 、Al2 O3 、FeO、MgO、Na2 O及SiO2 /Al2 O3 则逐渐减小 ;ΣLREE/ΣHREE增加 ,而ΣREE总体具减小趋势 ;Sc、Ba、Rb、Cu、Cr等微量元素含量增大 ,而Ni、Th、U、Ta、Nb、Ga、Zr、Hf、V、Zn、Co等则减少。本文利用地球化学参数判别本区前寒武系岩石形成构造环境为被动大陆边缘。     

从我国畜禽品种资源特点出发的保种战略

本文论述了对我国畜禽品种资源保护的两种战略及依据,即被动保种战略与主动保种战略。这一研究结论是基于我国畜禽品种资源的现状与特点:即拥有丰富的品种资源(共有601个品种与类型,其中本国地方品种385个)多样化的性能与产品对世界畜牧业的贡献面临经济发展的严峻挑战以及处于变化中的品种结构等。对于那些濒于灭绝及濒危中的品种,可采取被动保种的办法而对于尚未濒危但有潜在危险的大多数地方品种,则应采取主动保种的办法,将保种与开发相结合。并在主动保种方面提供了滩羊与湖羊保种研究中的两个实例以做说明。     

Detecting ozone and demonstrating its phytotoxicity in forested areas of Poland: a pilot study

Ambient concentrations of ozone (O(3)) were measured and O(3) phytotoxicity to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was demonstrated in several forest locations in Poland during a pilot study from July-October, 1991. At southern and central locations in Poland, the 24-hour average O(3) concentrations measured with a UV absorption photometer were in the range of 32-55 ppb, and the corresponding 1-hour maxima in the range of 39-83 ppb. At these locations longer period (four to fifteen days) average concentrations were determined using O(3) passive samplers (DGA, Inc.) and were reaching 60 ppb, while at Bialowieza in eastern Poland O(3) concentrations averaged less than 40 ppb. In Szarow, near the Niepolomice Forest in southern Poland, 1-hour O(3) maxima estimated from the data obtained using passive samplers were about 105 ppb in early September. At several locations in southern and central Poland, extensive O(3) injury was determined on O(3)-sensitive Bel W-3 tobacco plants; such injury did not occur in the Bialowieza Forest of eastern Poland. The results of this pilot study indicate that O(3) is present at phytotoxic levels in southern and central Poland.     

南非HS抑爆系统性能的试验研究

为了验证南非HS抑爆系统的安全性能,对HS系统进行基本性能试验和系统的整机抑爆效果试验。该系统的喷洒滞后时间、成雾时间、有效雾面持续时间和喷洒率4个基本参数的性能进行了测量和计算。在HS系统的整机抑爆效果试验中,进行4次不同的试验。试验结果表明,HS系统能迅速地产生具有足够的面积和持续时间的喷雾屏障,有效地抑止瓦斯和煤尘的燃烧与爆炸。HS系统具有较好的安全性能和较为广阔的应用前景。     

Field Evaluation of the PAS III Passive Alcohol Sensor

Passive alcohol sensors (PAS) are screening devices designed to sample nonintrusively the ambient air around a driver's mouth to determine the presence of alcohol. Studies have shown that PAS devices can aid police officers in the identification of unpaired drivers, particularly at sobriety checkpoints. Data from a 1996 nationwide survey, in which 5,392 drivers were evaluated for alcohol using both the PAS III (a passive sensor housed in a flashlight) and evidential breath test devices, have allowed the determination of appropriate criteria at various blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) for detecting impaired drivers in the field. Using the appropriate criteria, the PAS III can identify about 75% of the drivers with BACs at or above 0.10%, and 70% at or above 0.08%. This is a vast improvement over the 40-50% detection rate currently achieved by police officers at checkpoints not using sensors. Using the PAS III few drivers would be identified inappropriately. At the criterion recommended for detecting BACs at or above 0.08%, about 14% of drivers with BACs of 0.02-0.05% would be incorrectly identified as having a higher BAC. Field studies have shown that when police officers rely on observation alone about 20% of drivers with low BACs are detained for further evaluation. More widespread use of passive sensors by police officers would aid in the detection of drinking drivers. Sensors also could provide an additional deterrent to the general public if they believe that when stopped by the police after drinking they will be detained for further evaluation.     

Assessment of ambient air quality in Eskişehir, Turkey

This paper presents an assessment of air quality of the city Eskişehir, located 230 km southwest to the capital of Turkey. Only five of the major air pollutants, most studied worldwide and available for the region, were considered for the assessment. Available sulphur dioxide (SO₂), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), and non-methane volatile organic carbons (NMVOCs) data from local emission inventory studies provided relative source contributions of the selected pollutants to the region.The contributions of these typical pollution parameters, selected for characterizing such an urban atmosphere, were compared with the data established for other cities in the nation and world countries. Additionally, regional ambient SO₂ and PM concentrations, determined by semi-automatic monitoring at two sites, were gathered from the National Ambient Air Monitoring Network (NAAMN). Regional data for ambient NO₂ (as a precursor of ozone as VOCs) and ozone concentrations, through the application of the passive sampling method, were provided by the still ongoing local air quality monitoring studies conducted at six different sites, as representatives of either the traffic-dense-, or coal/natural gas burning residential-, or industrial/rural-localities of the city. Passively sampled ozone data at a single rural site were also verified with the data from a continuous automatic ozone monitoring system located at that site. Effects of variations in seasonal-activities, newly established railway system, and switching to natural gas usage on the temporal changes of air quality were all considered for the assessment. Based on the comparisons with the national [AQCR (Air Quality Control Regulation). Ministry of Environment (MOE), Ankara. Official Newspaper 19269; 1986.] and a number of international [WHO (World Health Organization). Guidelines for Air Quality. Geneva; 2000. Downloaded in January 2006, website: http://www.who.int/peh/; EU (European Union). Council Directive 1999/30/EC relating to limit values for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and lead in ambient air. Of J Eur Communities L 163: 14–30; 29.6.1999; EU (European Union). Council Directive 2002/3/EC relating to ozone in ambient air. Of J Eur Communities. L 67: 14–30; 9.3.2002.; USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Downloaded in January 2006, website: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/] ambient air standards, among all the pollutants studied, only the annual average SO₂ concentration was found to exceed one specific limit value (EU limit for protection of the ecosystem). A part of the data (VOC/NO_x ratio), for determining the effects of photochemical interactions, indicated that VOC-limited regime was prevailing throughout the city.     

POCIS采样技术应用于九龙江流域水环境中雌激素的检测

极性有机物一体化采样器(POCIS)作为富集水体中有机物的新型采样技术,可以反映目标物在被测水体中的时间权重浓度,因此在环境监测中是对主动采样方式的重要补充.本研究采用POCIS进行了4种固醇类雌激素化合物(雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇及雌炔醇)的富集动力学,以及温度和目标物浓度对POCIS富集雌激素影响的实验室模拟研究.结果表明,POCIS对目标化合物的富集放置时间7 d内呈现显著的线性关系(r2≥0.988 1,P<0.001).温度对目标物在POCIS上富集的影响比较显著(RSD>12%),随着温度的升高,目标化合物在POCIS上的采样速率减小.而目标物浓度对POCIS富集没有显著的影响(RSD<5%).将所建立的POCIS采样装置应用于九龙江流域的现场环境中,发现利用POCIS估算出的目标物时间权重浓度与主动采样测定的浓度具有显著的相关性(r2=0.720 9,P<0.001),验证了POCIS在实际环境中的可应用性.