一株高效解磷细菌的紫外诱变选育及其在红壤稻田施用效果

红壤对磷有强大吸附固定力,磷肥易被土壤中活性铁、铝固定而使有效态磷转化为各种形态的非有效磷,从而大大降低磷肥的利用率。解磷菌能使土壤中难溶性或不溶性的磷转化为易于被植物吸收利用的磷。通过对江西鹰潭红壤分离筛选并经过紫外诱变获得一株性状稳定的高效解磷细菌Y8。经鉴定,菌株Y8为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）。通过与生产中应用的徐州华龙高效复合菌肥厂的解磷细菌X3相比,菌株Y8降解有机磷、溶解Ca3（PO4）2的能力均比较高,分别为155.3mg·L^-1和240.1mg·L^-1。研究各种理化因子对菌株Y8解磷能力的影响,确定了菌株Y8的最佳培养条件为葡萄糖20g·L^-1、NH4（SO4）21.5g·L^-1、pH7.0、温度为35℃,在该条件下菌株Y8溶解Ca3（PO4）2的量为295.6mg·L^-1。在江西鹰潭红壤稻田的施用试验表明,将菌株Y8制成微生物菌剂施用于水稻田可起到减施化肥的作用。     

印染废水处理工艺改造及其效益分析

通过实验数据分析,对本源微生物菌剂处理印染废水的有效性进行了检验。在此基础上,确定了先生物处理后絮凝的处理方式。进而分析了印染废水原处理工艺中存在的问题,并对其进行了改造,即:以本源微生物菌剂为母菌接种于印染废水中,并结合生物铁填料对其进行处理。工艺改造成功启动后,稳定运行结果显示:复合生化池和接触氧化池的处理工艺对色度和COD的平均去除率分别为:55.69%、55.63%和78.53%、78.21%;出水pH、色度和COD的平均值分别为6.6、13倍和93 mg/L,全部满足标准要求。该工艺大大减少了污泥量,且降低了处理费用。     

利用好氧性嗜碱菌处理棉浆黑液的实验研究

利用经驯化的以嗜碱菌群为主的好氧活性污泥对高碱性棉浆黑液直接进行好氧摇床.结果表明,嗜碱菌生长良好,摇床7 h后,黑液的pH值可稳定下降至10以下.继续摇床,pH最低可降至9.0左右,而CODCr去除率可达40%以上.同时,考察了培养温度、黑液浓度及MLSS对棉浆黑液中CODCr去除率的影响,在培养温度为30 ℃,MLSS在4 000 mg/L左右,原黑液CODCr在4 000-5 000 mg/L时处理效果最好,CODCr去除率最高可达50%.     

金属硫化矿的微生物脱硫可行性分析

矿石的高含硫足导致高硫矿自燃的内因,利用微生物浸矿技术脱除硫化矿表面的硫,把矿石表面禽硫量降至自燃临界值以下,来避免高硫矿矿井内因火灾的发生。本文通过对微生物脱除煤炭中硫及硫铁矿烧淹中硫的对比分析,结果表明,利用微生物脱硫技术进行金属硫化矿的内因火灾防治具有可行性。     

黑麦草根际强化微生物净化甲苯

采用在普通生物反应器上种植黑麦草的方法,研究了黑麦草根系强化微生物净化甲苯污染气体的作用,及甲苯入口浓度、填料深度、温度对反应器净化甲苯速率的影响。结果表明,在生物反应器相同的填料深度,细菌数量的水平分布为黑麦草根际区>过渡区>非根际,与相同位置的甲苯浓度分布呈负相关,说明黑麦草根系通过促进细菌的活性进而增加甲苯的降解。在相同的甲苯入口浓度下,甲苯的净化速率随着填料深度的增加而增加,在甲苯入口浓度不高于500 mg/m3条件下,相同的填料深度,反应器对甲苯的净化速率随着甲苯浓度的增加而增加。在5~35℃范围内,温度升高有助于提高微生物活性,促进微生物对甲苯的降解,且有黑麦草处理的甲苯净化速率大于同等条件下无黑麦草处理。     

Respiration induced by substrate and bacteria diversity after application of diuron,hexazinone, and sulfometuron-methyl alone and in mixture

Abstract

After application, herbicides often reach the soil and affect non-target soil microorganisms, decreasing their population, diversity or affecting metabolic activity. Therefore, laboratory studies were performed to evaluate the effects of diuron, hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl alone and mixed upon carbon transformation by soil microorganisms in clayey and sandy soils and the effect on bacterial diversity and structure. Control treatment without herbicide application was also performed. Sub-samples from the control and herbicide treatments (10?g – in triplicate) were collected before herbicide application and 7, 14, 28 and 42?days after treatment (DAT), then 1?mL of ¹⁴C-glucose solution was applied. The released ¹⁴CO₂ was trapped in 2?M NaOH solution and the radioactivity was analyzed by liquid scintillation counting (LSC), 12?h after glucose application. The effect of herbicides on bacterial diversity was evaluated by T-RFLP. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design. Hexazinone did not affect ¹⁴CO₂ evolution. Diuron showed a greater ¹⁴CO₂ evolution in sandy and clayey soil, while sulfometuron-methyl led to an increase in sandy soil, at 42 DAT. A greater evolution of carbon was observed in the treatment with herbicide mixture in sandy soil, compared with the same treatment in clayey soil or control. However, the herbicide mixture application did not affect the soil biological activity measured by the respiration rate induced by substrate. On the other hand, the herbicide mixtures affected the bacterial diversity in both soils, being the strongest effect to diuron and sulfometuron-methyl in clayey soil and hexazinone in sandy soil.     

低聚木糖作为调理剂对土壤微生物和酶的影响

针对集约化农业过量施入化肥农药等引起的土壤质量退化问题,采用造纸黒液废物提取的低聚木糖作为土壤调理剂。通过室内土壤培养,研究不同低聚木糖施用量(0.01%、0.05%、0.1%和0.2%)对土壤微生物数量和脲酶活性的影响。通过番茄盆栽实验,并设置添加0.1%商品生物有机肥处理作比较,研究不同低聚木糖施用量对土壤微生物量氮磷、脲酶和磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,低聚木糖可以提高土壤细菌、放线菌数量、土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性。低聚木糖也显著增加番茄各生长期土壤微生物量碳和磷含量,其中开花期时低聚木糖的促进作用最为明显。所有剂量处理中,以0.05%的低聚木糖添加量处理效果最为明显,且该处理效果也优于添加0.1%生物有机肥处理。低聚木糖作为土壤调理剂,能显著提高土壤微生物数量和酶活性,改善土壤生态系统,提高土壤质量,在农业上具有广阔的应用前景。     

多孔矿物载体厌氧固定床处理有机废水研究

通过天然浮石和塑料多孔空心球而制成复合式多孔矿物载体应用于厌氧固定床反应器中,研究反应器挂膜性能,以及处理生活污水、啤酒废水效果,应用扫描电镜观察生物膜微生物相的形态结构.结果表明,反应器挂膜69 d后COD去除率稳定在70%以上,初次启动成功;处理生活污水中平均COD去除率为61.72%;处理啤酒废水中COD去除率高...     

含氰化物废水生物处理研究进展

综述了含氰化物废水的主要处理技术和存在的问题,探讨了微生物降解氰化物的生物化学途径以及生物降解机理.介绍了影响氰化物生物降解性能的因素和含氰化物废水的生物处理特点,综述了含氰化物废水生物处理的最新研究进展,并展望了微生物降解氰化物技术的发展趋势与应用前景.     

Identification of surfactants emerged in aerobic granulation

In this study, aerobic granules were cultivated in sequencing batch reactors with activated sludge as the seed. The reactors were operated for 12 h per cycle with the organic loading rate (OLR) increasing in double stepwise from 0.5 to 4.0 g COD L⁻¹ d⁻¹. Within the 40 d running, black granules with regular and smooth morphology were cultivated, which had high wet density and high settling velocity. During the granulation process, foams emerged and disappeared in the reactor, coinciding with the proliferation of filamentous microorganisms in the granules, implying that surfactants might exist and play an important role in the granulation. Using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the surfactants were identified as homologous compounds of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weights ranging mainly from 100 to 500 Da. Their general formulas were proposed as HO-[CH₂-CH₂-O]_n-H. The source of PEG still needs further investigation.