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稻壳焦炭导电特性的影响因素 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为开发生物质焦炭电磁屏蔽材料,研究了各种因素对稻壳焦炭导电特性的影响规律.利用自制的高温炭化试验装置,考察了炭化终温、升温速率、终温下的保留时间、粒径大小、催化剂种类及配比等因素对焦炭电阻率的影响规律.研究结果表明:炭化终温对稻壳焦炭电阻率影响较大,特别是在1000℃以下,提高炭化终温可将焦炭电阻率从106 Ω·cm以上降低到2Ω·cm左右;而当炭化终温从1000℃提高到1400℃时,电阻率仅从2Ω·cm左右降低到1.5Ω·cm左右.提高升温速率会降低焦炭产率,但对电阻率的影响不大.延长炭化终温时间对降低电阻率有一定作用,但当物料粒径较小时其作用几乎可以忽略.Fe2O3和NiO可作为炭化催化剂降低焦炭电阻率,两者催化效果相当,稻壳与催化剂的最佳质量配比在50:1左右.当炭化终温>1000℃、升温速率为20℃·min-1、保留时间为30min、稻壳粒径为0.1~0.3mm、稻壳:催化剂=50:1时,所获焦炭电阻率为0.2~1.0Ω·cm. 相似文献
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以花生壳活性炭对RO浓水进行吸附处理,利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和荧光光谱(EEM)研究花生壳活性炭对不同pH的RO浓水的吸附特性.结果表明,花生壳活性炭对溶解性有机碳(DOC)的吸附遵循准二级吸附动力学方程,特别是碱性条件下,DOC的吸附量随着pH的升高而降低.而且pH越高,达到吸附平衡的时间越长.通过FTIR光谱分析发现,活性炭的芳香结构吸收峰在吸附后红移至1630 cm-1,表明被吸附的有机物在该处有明显的特征吸收峰,而C—O和O—H官能团的吸收峰则因为钙离子等物质的吸附而显著降低.由EEM光谱分析可知,RO浓水的荧光物质主要由腐殖酸类腐殖质和富里酸类腐殖质组成,其荧光强度与DOC之间具有较好的线性相关性. 相似文献
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Primitive e-waste dismantling activities have been of increasing concern due to serious environmental and human health problems, and therefore authorities in China have strengthened the regulations on illegal e-waste recycling activities. In this work, we used rice hull as a passive sampler and investigated temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in areas near e-waste recycling sites after the stricter regulations. Furthermore, the distribution patterns and composition profiles of these contaminants were also discussed. The average concentrations of the three groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in rice hulls have markedly decreased during the period of 2005-2009. Specifically, from 12.9 (average value in 2005) to 0.37 pg WHO-TEQ/g (dry weight, dw) (in 2009) for PCDD/Fs, 47.6 (2005) to 7.10 ng g−1 dw (2009) for PCBs, and 2.51 (2005) to 0.89 ng g−1, dw (2009) for PBDEs. The significant decrease of combustion markers 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8HxCDF and PCB126, and the PCDD/PCDF ratio from 1:9 (2005) to 7:3 (2009) is likely a result of stricter regulations on open combustion activities. This study suggests that stricter control measures, strengthened laws and regulations and more environmental friendly techniques could be effective measures in reducing the release and formation of related POPs in typical e-waste dismantling sites, and these measures could further improve the quality of the environment and health of the local inhabitants. 相似文献
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针对农村玛瑙染色工业废水中存在高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)、SO42-和H+等污染严重、难处理的问题,基于玉米芯、花生壳和铁屑,分别构造了1#(玉米芯)、2#(花生壳)、3 #(铁屑+玉米芯)、4#(铁屑+花生壳)动态柱实验模型,研究了生物质材料及其与铁屑协同处理玛瑙染色废水中Cr(Ⅵ)、SO42-、H+的效果和机理.结果表明,铁屑+玉米芯、铁屑+花生壳动态柱对Cr(Ⅵ)、SO42-的平均去除率分别为95.97%、96.42%和72.17%和59.55%,高于玉米芯、花生壳动态柱的89.67%、90.74%和39.00%、28.73%的平均去除率,且具有较强的抗污染负荷变化和一定的pH值提升的能力.对比分析可见,经过铁屑强化的生物质动态柱对Cr(Ⅵ)、SO42-、H+有更好、更稳定的去除效果. 相似文献
26.
Kinetics and isotherms of Neutral Red adsorption on peanut husk 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Adsorption of Neutral Red (NR) onto peanut husk in aqueous solutions was investigated at 295 K. Experiments were carried out as function of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Toth isotherm models. The results indicated that the Toth and Langmuir models provided the best correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacity of peanut husk for the removal of NR was deter... 相似文献
27.
M Sathishkumar A R Binupriy D Kavith R Selvakumar K K Sheem J G Choi S E Yun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(9):1046-1054
Phenolic compounds constitute one of the major pollutants in the modern world. Although many physical and chemical treatment technologies for their removal exist, most of them are economically not feasible. The present study was aimed at using silk cotton hull, a potent agricultural waste as an adsobent for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), which was used as a model phenolic compound. The process parameters were investigated and optimized conditions were determined. The equilibrium time was found to ... 相似文献
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Kaustubha Mohanty Debabrata Das Manindra Nath Biswas 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):452-463
Arachis hypogaea hulls, an agricultural waste, were used to prepare activated carbon by chemical activation with zinc chloride under four different activation atmospheres. The most important parameter in chemical activation was found to be the chemical ratio (activating agent/precursor). Carbonization temperature and time are the other two important variables, which had significant effect on the pore structure of carbon. The maximum Brunquer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and micropore volume of the activated carbon was found to be 418 m2/g and 0.28 cm3/g, respectively. The activated carbon developed shows substantial capability to adsorb phenol from aqueous solutions. The kinetic data were fitted to the models of intraparticle diffusion, pseudo-second-order, and Lagergren, and followed more closely the pseudo-second-order chemisorption model. The isotherm equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Solution pH has significant effect on adsorption and the maximum uptake of phenol was reported at pH 3.5. 相似文献