Mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink involved in growth retardation of Vicia faba L. seedlings exposed to lanthanum ions

Effects of mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink on growth of Vicia faba L. seedlings hydroponically cultivated in concentrations of extraneous lanthanum (La) for 20 days were investigated in the present experiment. The results showed that contents of La, Cu or K elements in roots generally changed synchronously with those in leaves, while Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn or P in the roots altered inversely to those in the leaves. Thus, the extraneous La led to redistribution and imbalance of mineral nutrient elements in the roots and leaves. DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink were investigated by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate/potassium (SDS/K⁺) precipitation methods, respectively. The results demonstrated that the increasing La induced DNA break and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) in the seedlings. These results suggested that mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink were involved in the growth retardation and growth alteration of the seedlings, which may help to understand the mechanisms of rare earth elements (REEs) on plant growth.     

细粒尾矿快速筑坝新技术及工程应用

为解决传统细粒尾矿上游式筑坝方法面临的坝基承载力不足、排渗加固滞后、防洪超高不足等难题,以满足企业大规模生产时快速筑坝的实际需求,通过开展细粒尾矿软滩模袋法堆坝工艺、尾矿库快速堆坝工业示范、坝体稳定性评估等研究,提出集尾矿模袋法强基、宽顶子坝增稳、坝基协同排渗为一体的细粒尾矿快速筑坝新技术及配套施工工艺.结果表明:经过...     

选矿尾矿综合利用和零排放的研究与生产实践

对南京栖霞山锌阳矿业有限公司铅锌矿选矿尾矿的处理与利用进行了研究 ,找到了一条解决选矿尾矿问题的最佳方案 :对尾矿进行分级处理 ,粗粒尾矿代替水砂用于井下充填打坝 ,细粒尾矿用于井下胶结充填 ,部分全尾矿浓缩脱水后用作水泥辅料 ,从而实现了尾矿固体废物的零排放。该方案已成功应用于生产实践 ,产生了明显环境与经济效益     

Recovery of copper from small grain size fractions of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash by means of density separation

Small grain size fractions of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) contain elemental and chemically bonded metals in appreciable amounts, especially copper. Investigations with a centrifugal concentrator were carried out using samples, which had been treated with different impact devices. Partly the impacts of single devices were visible in outlines, but mostly the surfaces of the metals were still covered with mineral residues. To generate copper rich fractions, parameters of the separation process should ensure mass yields <2%, best between 0.5 and 1%. The density of the concentrates is then generally >3.2 g/cm³. Best results were achieved with material from a special treatment train which is adapted to grain sizes <2 mm. Reliable copper contents between 20 and 40% (single runs >50%) could be realised. However, considering the required mass yields, referred to this subset only 150–170 g copper would be recovered from 1 Mg MSWI BA. Furthermore, this copper is only in parts present in elemental form. A dependable added value of such treatment step seems to be given only, if that enables a recycling of the mineral aggregates (tailings) in parallel to avoid landfill costs.     

经济新常态下中国矿业供给侧改革发展战略研究

矿业是经济社会发展的基础产业。在当前中国经济进入新常态和矿业长期低迷的形势下,要合理推进矿业供给侧改革,必须理清经济增长、城镇化与矿产资源消费之间的长期关系,需要依次回答:是否存在长期关系,这些关系有什么作用特征,这些作用的变化趋势如何,不同矿产资源是否存在显著的区别,针对这些区别如何提出应对策略。基于上述问题的判断,本文选取9种矿产资源,利用多种方法进行了组合分析。应用脱钩指数刻画了1978—2015年中国经济增长与矿产资源消费的脱钩关系,发现呈现一种周期性的脱钩和复钩过程;选取经济增长、城镇化和任意一种矿产资源消费为变量,建立了VAR模型,揭示各变量间的因果关系,将显著的因果关系分为三种类型,包括循环因果链(三种变量之间存在显著的接替性循环变化的关系,包括煤炭、锌、原铝和钾盐等)、两两互为因果(某两种变量之间存在一种或两种显著的双向交替变化关系,包括原铝、锌、钾盐、石油、精炼铅、精炼镍等)和单向因果(某两种变量之间仅存在一种显著的先后变化关系,包括铁矿石、精炼铜、精炼镍)等;运用脉冲响应函数刻画了上述关系的长期变化趋势,发现矿产资源消费的长期效应的大小及其波动频率有显著差异,大多数矿产可以持续效应10年以上(如煤炭、石油、锌、原铝等消费变动对GDP变动的影响),少数响应仅在5—6年内显著(如铁矿石、钾盐、精炼铅等消费变动对GDP变动的影响),之后效应会逐渐消失。基于此,结合当前实际情况,提出了中国矿业供给侧改革发展战略选择,包括以去产能为抓手、提高资源效率、坚持底线思维、建立政府适当干预下的资源价格形成机制、促进矿业经济创新等政策建议。     

基于资源-技术-环境的高技术城市矿产战略性筛选

城市矿产中蕴含大量的高技术矿产,它们是战略性新兴产业发展的关键原材料。本文从中国国情出发,界定了涵盖新能源技术、通讯设备、交通工具、电池、电器电子产品等5大类共计27种高技术城市矿产,从资源、技术、环境三个维度设计了11项指标,对高技术城市矿产进行战略性筛选;并通过半定量化不确定性分析方法确定研究结果的可靠性。结果显示:(1)从资源-技术两维度看,电器电子产品用电池资源指数高,且技术相对成熟;动力汽车电池资源指数值略低,但未来开发潜力大。(2)从资源-环境两维度看,电池是拆解处置重点。(3)从资源-技术-环境三维度来看,高技术城市矿产可以分为四个梯队:高资源指数、高技术指数、高环境指数的"三高"梯队,包括EEE用镍氢电池、EEE用镍镉电池、EEE用锂离子电池;中高资源指数、中高技术指数、中高环境指数的"三中高"梯队,包括手机和动力汽车电池;低资源指数、低技术指数、中高环境指数的"二低一中高"梯队,包括风涡轮机、荧光灯、动力汽车永磁电机和电话机;资源指数、技术指数、环境指数都相对较低的"三低"梯队,包括电器电子产品和光伏电板。此外,随着时间的推移,筛选结果会发生动态变化,因此高技术城市矿产的战略性筛选是一个持续动态的评估过程,需要建立与之相适应的"开发一批、储备一批、谋划一批"的动态管理系统。基于研究结论,本文从高技术城市矿产的基础数据库建立、重点开发目录制定与调整、在线回收与交易平台构建、拆解技术储备以及可持续供应体系建立等方面提出了建议。     

Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of urban plants in Beijing

Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollution. Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of eleven roadside plants at four sites of Beijing were studies. Results showed that density of particles on the leaf surfaces greatly varied with plant species and traffic condition. Fraxinus chiuensis, Sophora japonica Ailanthus altissima, Syringa oblata and Prunus persica, had larger densities of particles among the tall species. Due to resuspension of road dust, the densities of particles of Euonymus japonicns and Parthenocissus quinquefolia with low sampling height were 2-35 times to other taller tree species. For test plant species, micro-roughness of leaf surfaces and density of particles showed a close correlation. In general, the larger micro-roughness of leaf surfaces is, the larger density of particles is. Particles settling upon leaf surfaces were dominantly PM30 （particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 98.4%） and PM2.5 （particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 64.2%） which were closely relative to human health. Constant elements of particles were C, O, K, Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, S, Cl and minerals with higher content were SiO2, CaCO3, CaMg（CO3）2, NaCI and 2CASO4. H2O, SiO2. CaCO3 and CaMg（CO3）2 mainly came from resuspension of road dust. 2CaSO4. H2O was produced by the reaction between CaCO3 derived from earth dust or industrial emission and SO2, H2SO4 or sulfate. NaCl was derived from sea salt.     

江苏省废矿物油回收利用行业现状分析

废矿物油回收利用行业可以从废矿物油中回收蕴藏的可再生资源,是实现可持续发展的重要组成。通过调研发现,2014年江苏省废矿物油产生量最多的3个城市依次为南京、无锡和苏州,而产生量最多的4个行业分别是石油加工业、金属制品业、运输设备制造业及化学原料和化学制品业。江苏省废矿物油回收利用工艺大致可分为简易预处理法、常压蒸馏法和减压精馏法3类,通过对比采用这3类工艺的企业处置规模,发现小型企业全部采用简易预处理法,采用常压蒸馏法的中型企业超过80%,大型企业大部分采用减压精馏工艺。通过分析回收利用单位的经营状况,发现采用简易预处理工艺的企业许可量利用率最高,在目前的市场环境下生存能力较强。     

小流域土壤矿质氮与地形因子的关系及其空间变异性研究

为掌握小流域土壤特性与地形因子的关系及其空间变异规律,采用经典统计学与地统计学相结合的方法,对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带小流域土壤矿质氮与地形因子的关系及其空间变异性进行了系统研究,结果表明:①硝态氮的变异程度为强变异性,铵态氮、坡度、坡向则为中等变异性,土壤类型、土地利用对矿质氮的变异程度有极显著影响;②各研究特性在采样尺度内表现出不同程度的空间依赖性,铵态氮、海拔为强烈的空间依赖性,而硝态氮、坡度及坡向则为中等的空间依赖性;③分维数与空问异质比所揭示的结果具有一致性,各变量的分维数从大到小依次为:硝态氮(1.982 6)＞坡向(1.976 7)＞坡度(1.9420)＞铵态氮(1.879 1)＞海拔(1.746 1);④硝态氮在0°与90°,45°与135°方向上具有各向同性结构,而海拔为各向异性结构,其余的研究特性则表现出微弱的各向异性;⑤海拔、铵态氮具有很强的空间自相关性,硝态氮则为空间不相关;硝态氮与铵态氮、坡度与坡向之间具有极显著的正相关性,而铵态氮与海拔、坡度与海拔之间则为显著的负相关,表明在水蚀风蚀交错带铵态氮和坡度的空间分布具有海拔梯度性.     

湘西州矿产资源的开发及其可持续利用对策

针对湘西州矿产资源开发利用中存在的主要问题,在分析其发展潜力与优势的基础上,探讨了湘西州矿产资源面向21世纪可持续利用的主要对策。