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321.
矿产资源开发利用对环境危害的货币化研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过辨识矿产资源开发利用过程中的环境危害因子,建立了环境危害所造成的损失货币化模型,定量地确定矿产开发利用中的负效益,并通过与矿产开采所得到的社会效益和经济效益比较.计算矿产开发利用的适宜度。为矿产资源可持续发展和生态环境保护提供决策依据。 相似文献
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323.
长江中游矿产资源跨世纪开发布局 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
长江中游地区矿产资源丰富,分相布对集中,配套程度较好。主要矿产资源绝大部分可保证跨世纪供需,作者提出利用三峡枢纽工程跨世纪建设,发挥中心枢纽地位和区内外资源及水运优势,依托现有磷矿开发及磷化工和钢铁,盐,磷化工和石油化工基地及建材工业基地,并指出了矿产资源开发的一具体对策。 相似文献
324.
In the crustacean Eudiaptomus gracilisSars, relationships between mortality (D) and the ratio of main cations (R, the ratio of the sum of potassium and sodium equivalent concentrations to the sum of calcium and magnesium equivalent concentrations) were studied. The calculated regression equation D= 315 – 355/Rwas used for predicting the state of E. gracilispopulation in Lake Poppalijarvi (Karelia) polluted with mining waste. At R< 0.47, the population will survive; at R> 1.53, its extinction should be expected. The results of hydrobiological observations on Lake Poppalijarvi confirmed the prognosis based on the equation. 相似文献
325.
Samples have been collected from major horizons of 34 podzol profiles distributed throughout Scotland, all developed from granite or granitic tills and under Calluna moorland. the pH in water and calcium chloride pastes, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity, and extractable aluminium of the soils collected have been measured, and the results studied in relation to reported atmospheric deposition of H+, non-marine sulphur and nitrate. for all horizons, significant positive correlations were found between soil pH and rainfall mean pH, as might be expected when the critical load of H+ deposition is exceeded. Acidifying pollutant deposition also apparently increased soil extractable aluminium concentrations in the B and C horizons. However, exchangeable base cation concentrations tended to increase, rather than decrease, with increasing precipitation acidity. This effect was attributed to increases in biogeochemical cycling of base cations, increases in leaching inputs of base cations from overlying A/E horizon soils, and increases in the inputs of base cations leached from upslope. the results suggest that the simple steady state mass approach to the quantification of critical loads, as often applied, may be an oversimplification. 相似文献
326.
根据井矿盐生产工艺特点及云应地区实际,分析了冲渣除尘水、冷却水和工艺废水循环使用的可能性,论证了云应地区制盐行业实现废水零排放的可行性,并提出了实现零排放的具体建议。 相似文献
327.
Explaining the resource curse, with special reference to mineral-exporting countries 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Raymond F Mikesell 《Resources Policy》1997,23(4):191-199
Recent studies have found an inverse correlation between economic growth and natural resource abundance among developing countries. There appears to be no obvious explanation for this finding, such as an important growth variable that is common in resource-poor countries and deficient in resource-abundant countries. The resource curse hypothesis is closely related to the problem of sustainability for resource-exporting countries since periods of high growth are frequently followed by long periods of stagnation. Models are examined showing how increases in export income can affect relative prices in the trade and nontrade sectors and how the changes in relative prices affect investment and growth. It is the thesis of this article that there is nothing inherent in resource-abundance that condemns countries to either low growth or nonsustainability. 相似文献
328.
Trochkine D. Iwasaka Y. Matsuki A. Yamada M. Kim Y.-S. Zhang D. Shi G.-Y. Shen Z. Li G. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(2):161-172
The Asian continent is recognized as one of the most important sources of mineral (or soil) particles. These particles have a large potential to effect global changes through the biogeochemical cycle of particulates and through radiative balance (IPCC Third Assessment Report, 2001). Therefore, comparison of particle compositions near the source region and those after long-range transport is important in understanding the long-range particle transport phenomenon. Individual aerosolparticles were collected in Dunhuang (40°09N; 94°41E), China. Particles were collected at the campus of the Meteorological Bureau of Dunhuang City (17 August 2001) and near the Mogao Grots, located approximately 30 km from Dunhuang (18 August 2001, 18 October 2001 and 13 January 2002) using a two-stage low-volume impactor. The morphology of individual aerosol particles and their elemental compositions were examined via a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, S-3000N) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer (Horiba, EMAX-500). The particles collected at these locations were comprised primarily of minerals, with the exception of sulphateparticles in the submicron range that were contained in thesample collected on 18 October 2001 (likely, ammonium sulphate). The most abundant elements were found to be Si and Al. Approximately 46–77% of the collected particles were Si-richparticles (composed primarily of quartz and aluminosilicate),and 13–41% of the collected particles were Ca-rich particles,such as calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2),and gypsum (CaSO42H2O). The fractions of Fe-rich, Mg-rich, Ti-rich, K-rich, and Cl-rich were 3–10, 0–7, 0–3, 0–1, and 0–1%, respectively. Similar types of mineral particles were found in the free troposphere over Japan(Trochkine et al., 2002). A number of differences were found to exist between the particles collected in China and thosecollected in Japan, and these differences can be explained bychemical modification of the particles during transport fromChina to Japan. 相似文献
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