论促进企业环境守法的制度建构

企业是市场经济中重要的市场主体,其环境守法除了要求环境法律、法规、政策的完善,也有赖于环境执法工作的稳妥开展对企业守法的推动。通过制度和利润两方面分析企业环境守法困境,期望通过环境执法模式的改革,借鉴美国环境执法模式的经验,借助执法理念的变化实现企业自觉的环境守法。     

Hydropower Relicensing and Climate Change1

Viers, Joshua H., 2011. Hydropower Relicensing and Climate Change. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):655‐661. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00531.x Abstract: Hydropower represents approximately 20% of the world’s energy supply, is viewed as both vulnerable to global climate warming and an asset to reduce climate‐altering emissions, and is increasingly the target of improved regulation to meet multiple ecosystem service benefits. It is within this context that the recent decision by the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to reject studies of climate change in its consideration of reoperation of the Yuba‐Bear Drum‐Spaulding hydroelectric facilities in northern California is shown to be poorly reasoned and risky. Given the rapidity of climate warming, and its anticipated impacts to natural and human communities, future long‐term fixed licenses of hydropower operation will be ill prepared to adapt if science‐based approaches to incorporating reasonable and foreseeable hydrologic changes into study plans are not included. The licensing of hydroelectricity generation can no longer be issued in isolation due to downstream contingencies such as domestic water use, irrigated agricultural production, ecosystem maintenance, and general socioeconomic well‐being. At minimum, if the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is to establish conditions of operation for 30‐50 years, licensees should be required to anticipate changing climatic and hydrologic conditions for a similar period of time.     

地震滑坡研究回顾与展望

对国内外地震滑坡特别是汶川8.0级地震产生的地震滑坡的历史文献进行了系统回顾,认为地震滑坡的研究可以概括为发育分布规律统计研究和动力学机理研究。其中对于地震滑坡发育分布规律的研究较深入,取得了丰富的规律性认识;而关于动力学机理的研究,大多是基于表观现象的假设或推断,缺乏物理或数值模拟实验的验证。建议进一步开展:①基于地震波传播理论的物理或数值模拟;②高速远程滑坡形成机制与运动特征研究;③强震触发滑坡灾害链效应研究。     

电子电器生产企业物料流动分析方法研究

有效地控制电子企业环境污染,提高资源的利用率,回收有价值的资源,是电子企业的必然选择。建立了以物质守恒定律为依据的物料流动平衡分析式和平衡图,提出了物料平衡对象的选择,研究了物料流动分析方法,确定数据获取的方法与边界,阐述了提高生产效率、降低物耗和能耗、回收资源的解决方案。     

Vernacular knowledge and environmental law: cause and cure for regulatory failure

The Australian environment and agriculture is suffering from land degradation and declining biodiversity. Laws protecting native vegetation are aimed at addressing these problems but have been resisted by farmers, compromising the social agreement necessary for regulatory success. A case study drawing on farmer interviews in central northern New South Wales reveals that the laws are considered to be under-achieving environmental outcomes since they are ill-suited to local conditions. The low feasibility of the rules is also undermining rule and state legitimacy. Regulatory resistance is due to the lack of recognition of place-specifics by government and laws that impose universal requirements. There is an epistemic distance between the bureaucratic knowledge held by government and the vernacular knowledge (place-based knowledge) of heterogeneous environments held by farmers. Incorporating vernacular knowledge so that laws are more geographically sympathetic may close vernacular disjunctures and cure regulatory failure.     

关于环境保护行政主管部门行政执法责任制

全面实行环境行政执法责任制是保障环境法律，法规，规章有效实施的重要举措。环境行政执法责任制必须依法作出。环境保护行政主管部门应将实行环境行政执法责任制的重点放在违法行政的责任追究和赔偿制度上，同时应结合国家公务员制度加大考核力度以促进依法行政。     

论可持续发展思想对法学基础理论的影响

可持续发展思想是社会发展的必然产物 ,它必将对上层建筑产生重大影响。本文从这个意义上论述了可持续发展思想对法学基础理论的影响 ,剖析了可持续发展中环境与资源之间的相互关系 ,以期推动法理学的改革和发展 ,进而更好地保障我国可持续发展战略的顺利实施。     

WATER USE CONFLICT NEAR MADISON,NEBRASKA1

ABSTRACT: Nebraska statutes give first preference for use of ground water to domestic purposes, second to agriculture, and third to manufacturing or industrial purposes. Rapid growth in the number of irrigation wells has caused an increasing number of water use conflicts. One such conflict arose from the installation and use of an irrigation well near Madison in Madison County, Nebraska. Pumping from the irrigation well coincided with head declines in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel, but appeared unrelated to water level changes in wells screened in a higher saturated sand. A drawdown-recovery test was performed to determine the degree of hydraulic connection between the wells involved. Operation of the irrigation well was determined to be the cause of the head decline in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel. Partly as a result of this conflict, legislation recently introduced into the state legislature would require that wells of higher preference be “reasonably” constructed if wells of lower preference are to be held liable for head loss.     

建国以来我国环境立法价值理念评价

我国环境法制呈现"环境立法"的成功而控制环境问题失败的尴尬局面。文章通过建国以来我国环境法立法价值理念的评价,认为而导致这种尴尬局面的根本原因在于我国现行环境法价值理念与环境保护要求的价值理念之间存在根本冲突。     

浅谈环境执法在具体执法实践中存在的现实问题和提高环保执法能力的对策

随着社会经济的高速发展,高能耗、高排放的增加,环境问题日益严重,进而环境执法也面临着前所未有的挑战。虽然中国目前已基本形成较为完善的环保法律体系,环保领域基本上有法可依,但是在具体环保执法实践中,却面临许多困难和阻力,存在着环境执法的力度、效能不高等方面问题。如何克服困难和阻力,提高环境执法的能力、水平、高效性、权威性,是摆在环境执法人员面前的问题。本文对环境执法具体实践中,遇到存在的地方政府、法律、司法、立法和环境执法部门自身建设等环境执法工作中存在的问题进行一定的阐述,对形成的原因进行了论述分析,并提出了一些提高环保执法能力和效率的办法对策争建议。