基于水动力学的中小水库藻类生长模型及蓝藻暴发的模拟

应用PHREEQC软件建立了基于水动力学作用的温岭市太湖水库藻类生长模型。选用2007年度温岭市太湖水库总磷、总氮、水温、叶绿素a的实测值,采用三次样条插值的方法估计出每一天的总磷、总氮、水温、叶绿素a的数值,对模型参数进行了率定和验证。将建立的模型应用于2009年温岭市桐岭水库水华暴发的模拟预测中,结果表明本文所建立的模型进行模拟运算精度较高,可以应用于中小型水库水华暴发的模拟预测方面。     

垂向水动力扰动机的蓝藻控制效应数值实验研究

在蓝藻水华的控制研究中,目前的发展趋势是采用快速、生态安全且经济有效的技术,其中使用垂向水动力扰动机抑制蓝藻备受关注,但缺乏深入和定量的工程设计与效果评估研究.针对垂向水动力扰动机的蓝藻抑制效应开展数值实验研究,以三维数值营养盐-藻类动力学模型(EFDC)为框架,定量探讨了扰动机数量及其位置分布对叶绿素、总氮和总磷的影响.模拟结果表明,扰动机的存在对蓝藻抑制具有比较明显的作用,随着扰动机数量由0逐渐增加到20个时,Chl-a峰值浓度共减少了37.695 2μg.L-1,并且扰动机对水质改善的程度与其数量存在很强的非线性关系,即当扰动机数量由无到有并逐渐增加时,藻类抑制的效果明显增强;但当扰动机的数量增加到一定量时,进一步增加数量将不会相应增强蓝藻抑制效果.这表明扰动机存在一个最佳数量问题.此外,本研究发现除了数量之外,扰动机的位置对蓝藻控制的效果也有很大影响.数值实验结果显示如果扰动机放置位置得当,少量的扰动机就可达到甚至超过更多扰动机所能达到的蓝藻控制效果.尤其是优化12个扰动机的位置后,Chl-a峰值浓度比扰动机为20个时减少了7.172 6μg.L-1.这些研究结果验证了国内外相关研究对水动力扰动机蓝藻控制效果的肯定性结果,并进一步表明了在实际应用该项技术时必须因地制宜,结合使用智能工程技术(如:高分辨率数值模型)确定最佳扰动机数量与位置,从而确保以最低成本获取最大的蓝藻控制效果.除蓝藻控制之外,数值实验结果也表明扰动机对营养盐浓度也有一定的降低效果.     

Insights into effects of algae on decay and distribution of bacterial pathogens in recreational water: Implications for microbial risk management

The decay and distribution of bacterial pathogens in water is an important information for the health risk assessment to guide water safety management, and suspended algae might affect bacterial pathogens in water. This study established microcosms to investigate the effects of algae-related factors on the representative indicators and opportunistic pathogen species in water. We found that suspended algae increased the persistence of targeted species by 1-2 orders of magnitude of concentrations ...     

微污染水体夜间曝气控藻效果研究

设计和开发了一种适用于小城镇的曝气控藻设备,通过底泥围隔实验,研究了夜间曝气对微污染水体的治理效果。结果表明:曝气可以有效抑制氮素循环中反硝化作用和底泥向上覆水中释放磷元素,对氮、磷营养元素的抑制率高达80%;曝气对叶绿素a浓度影响极其显著(p<0.01);曝气能有效抑制藻类增长,并防止围隔内的藻类优势种转变为容易引发"水华"的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)。     

Physiological responses of Cladophora glomerata to cyanotoxins: a potential new phytoremediation species for the Green Liver Systems

Due to increased pollution of potable water sources as a consequence of eutrophication and anthropogenic xenobiotics, sustainable water purification is an essential concern. Therefore, the Green Liver System, a natural, economic and sustainable water purification system employing the biotransformation capabilities of aquatic plants, was developed. To expand the capacities and applications of this system, new aquatic plants are continually evaluated for their potential to remediate various aquatic pollutants. In this study, the potential of Cladophora glomerata to internalize cyanotoxins, microcystins (MCs) and anatoxin-a, and consequently its ability to cope with the subsequent oxidative stress associated with toxin-uptake were investigated. C. glomerata was able to take up all three of the tested MC congeners as well as anatoxin-a, similarly to previous toxin internalizations reported for aquatic plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla versiculata. The antioxidative stress defense of C. glomerata proved to efficiently endure the toxin-uptake with no adverse effects. Subsequently, the uptake potential of C. glomerata was investigated at lab-scale by exposure to the three MC congeners and anatoxin-a collectively. After a period of seven days, 95–97% of the MCs and 100% of anatoxin-a were removed from the exposure media. C. glomerata therefore, is a suitable candidate to be incorporated in future Green Liver Systems.     

富硒藻类研究进展

微量元素硒不仅是人和动物必需的营养元素,也是植物生长发育不可缺少的元素。硒酸盐在水体中溶解度高于其他环境介质,导致水生生物对无机硒(硒酸盐)有更高的利用率。藻类能吸收无机硒,可将无机硒有效地转化为有机形态。藻体内的硒主要以硒蛋白、硒核酸、硒多糖等生物大分子以及硒代半胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸等生物小分子有机化合物存在。在水生生态系统中,藻类是硒的主要吸收者。富硒藻类通过食物链将硒传递至浮游动物、贝和鱼等动物体内,能提高其抗氧化能力,从而导致其对重金属耐受性增强。本文综述了藻类在自然界硒生物有机化中的地位和作用,藻类对硒的富集方式及代谢途径,硒在藻类中的生物学效应,富硒藻类的开发利用现状及今后的发展方向,较全面地综述了富硒藻类研究进展。     

急性毒性藻红外测试中联合作用评价法的重现性

为认识藻红外联合作用评价法的稳定性,用苯(C6H6)、甲苯(C6H8)、二甲苯(C8H10)、氯苯(C6H5Cl)、三氯甲烷(CHCl3)和羊角月牙藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)进行了重现性实验,通过测试实验藻对5种药品不同组合的响应温差,用联合偏差系数法评价联合作用类型,分析药品联合毒性的重现性及联合作用评价法的评价效果。结果表明:二元组合中,重现性50%的5组,重现性75%的5组,平均重现性62.5%;三元组合中,重现性50%的1组,重现性75%的8组,重现性100%的1组,平均重现性75%;四元组合中,重现性50%的1组,重现性75%的1组,重现性100%的3组,平均重现性85%;五元组合重现性100%,混合药品总平均重现性73.1%。重现性大于阈值的组合19个,占全部26个组合的73.1%。药品组合元数增减与联合作用的重现性正相关。分析可知,藻红外联合作用评价法用于联合作用分析稳定性较好。     

Heavy metal accumulation in algae and sediments of the Black Sea coast of Turkey

The paper reports heavy metal accumulation in algae collected at four stations and in sediments at three stations on the Black Sea coast of Turkey. The metals analysed are Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sb and Zn. The metal content of algae increased generally (with some exceptions) from 1991 till 1993 in ?ile and Sinop. In the sediments Sb in ?ile, As in Riva, Fe, Zn in Sinop are high. According to these findings the metal pollution increased in Turkish area of the Black Sea during the years investigated.     

Assessing water quality in the Ceyhan River basin (Turkey) with the use of aquatic macrophytes

As a major biotic component of many lotic ecosystems, macrophytes consist a major component of running waters are often used as indicators within the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) to establish ecological quality. In this study, we investigated macrophyte community structure (e.g. composition, abundance and diversity) in Ceyhan River Basin located in the Southeastern Anatolian Region in Turkey. Data was collected during 2014–2015 from river sites located throughout the basin to evaluate the relationship between aquatic vegetation and river physico-chemical factors. The ecological status of the river basin was also calculated based on Macrophyte Biological Index for River (IBMR). In total, 33 macrophyta taxa were observed. According to their biological classification (life form), filamentous algae (FA), free floating (FF), floating leaved (FL) and submersed (S) macrophytes reached their maximum abundance value in summer, while emergent (E) macrophytes were at their maximum abundance in both summer and autumn. The ecological status of the Ceyhan River basin ranged from moderate to bad. The values found are reasonably comparable to IBMR scores recorded in rivers of other Mediterranean countries. IBMR index may be suitable to some extent to establish a basis for ecological quality assessment in Turkish River systems.     

干扰素生产废水处理试验及生物相分析

采用水解酸化与生物接触氧化组合工艺对干扰素生产废水进行试验研究,并考察其处理效果,观察生物接触氧化工艺中生物相。结果表明：该组合工艺对出水COD的去除率大于90%,出水COD低于40 mg/L,且运行稳定后生物接触氧化槽中污泥浓度较低。对生物相的显微镜观察可知生物接触氧化槽中生物相种类以藻类为主。