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851.
通过对水稻盆栽试验,应用15N示踪测试技术和土壤农业化学分析方法,研究接种不同剂量固氮芽孢菌对当季水稻的供氮能力,结果表明:在施有机肥的基础上,接种固氮芽孢杆菌能为当季水稻提供氮素,而且,接菌剂量在0.60亿个?pot-1以内,其供氮能力随着接菌剂量的增加而提高;接种剂量从0.15亿个?pot-1增加到0.60亿个?pot-1,其对当季初的氮素供应从88.7mg?pot-1提高至109.7mg?pot-1,并减少水稻对肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收,增加茬后土壤的速效氮积累,接种量以0.15亿个?pot-1~0.30亿个?pot-1较经济。但在一定的施肥基础上,接种固氮菌对水稻的产生量和吸收氮素总量影响不明显。 相似文献
852.
The present study evaluates the impact of lofts on the development of the navigational system of pigeons. A series of results
obtained between 2000 and 2004 were analyzed. The H-loft was placed 10 m above the ground, with a ring format and seven windows
all around it as well as three external aviaries that allowed birds to have a wide view of the outdoors and of the sky and
knowledge of the wind dynamics. The L-loft was placed at ground level, with a single window transformed into an external aviary.
The L-loft was protected from the wind by surrounding trees, reducing the ability of the pigeons to access the wind dynamics
and also restricting their access to information regarding the outside area and the sky. In a preliminary analysis, we found
the parameter of “vanishing time” to differ significantly between lofts in two of the five age classes. A thorough analysis
of this parameter throughout the ontogenetic development of the birds demonstrated a pronounced improvement in the information-processing
system with age, with adults vanishing quicker than younger birds, although an impairment of development occurred during the
third month of age, perhaps due to a reorganization of the system. This result was obtained when the effect of lofts was considered
in the different age classes. Results suggest that loft features are an important factor in the ability of the young pigeons
to exploit navigational cues. 相似文献
853.
Dynamics of soil organic matter in primary and secondary forest succession on sandy soils in The Netherlands: An application of the ROMUL model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M.A. Nadporozhskaya G.M.J. Mohren O.G. Chertov A.S. Komarov A.V. Mikhailov 《Ecological modelling》2006,190(3-4):399-418
We applied the simulation model ROMUL of soil organic matter dynamics in order to analyse and predict forest soil organic matter (SOM) changes following stand growth and also to identify gaps of data and modelling problems. SOM build-up was analysed (a) from bare sand to forest soil during a primary succession in Scots pine forest and (b) on mature forest soil under Douglas fir plantations as an example of secondary succession in The Netherlands. As some of the experimental data were unreliable we compiled a set of various scenarios with different soil moisture regime, initial SOM pools and amount and quality of above and below ground litter input. This allowed us to find the scenarios that reflect the SOM dynamics more realistically. In the Scots pine forest, total litter input was estimated as 0.50 kg m−2 year−1. Two scenarios were defined for the test runs: (a) forest floor moisture regimes—‘dry, mesic and hydric’ and (b) augmenting a root litter pool with three ratios of needles and branches to roots: 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2.0. The scenario finally compiled had the following characteristics: (a) climate for dry site with summer drought and high winter moisture of forest floor; (b) a litter input of 0.25 kg m−2 year−1 above ground and 0.50 kg m−2 year−1 below ground; (c) a low nitrogen and ash content in all litter fall fractions. The test runs for the estimation of the initial SOM pools and the amount and proportion of above and below ground litter fall were also performed in the Douglas fir plantation. The inputs of above ground litter tested in various combinations were 0.30 and 0.60 kg m−2 year−1, and below ground litter 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 kg m−2 year−1. The scenario that fitted the experimental data had an SOM pool of 20–25 kg m−2, an aboveground litter input of 0.6 kg m−2 year−1and a below ground litter input of 0.9 kg m−2 year−1. The long-term simulation corresponded well with the observed patterns of soil organic matter accumulation associated with the forest soil development in primary and secondary succession. During primary succession in Scots pine forest on dry sand there is a consistent accumulation of a raw humus forest floor. The soil dynamics in the Douglas fir plantation also coincide with the observed patterns of SOM changes during the secondary succession, with SOM decreasing significantly under young forest, and SOM being restored in the older stands. 相似文献
854.
低分子量有机酸对可变电荷土壤吸附铝的影响机制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过吸附性铝的解吸实验研究了低分子量有机酸对三种可变电荷土壤(2种砖红壤和1种赤红壤)吸附铝的影响机制,结果表明,柠檬酸、苹果酸和酒石酸等带有3个及3个以上活性官能团的有机酸在低pH条件下可以通过形成土壤一有机酸一铝三元表面络合物和增加土壤的表面负电荷两种机制显著增加土壤对铝离子的吸附量,但以前一种影响机制为主。乳酸、水杨酸、草酸和丙二酸等带有2个活性官能团的有机酸仅通过改变土壤的表面负电荷影响铝的吸附。土壤氧化铁是土壤吸附有机酸的主要载体,当用化学方法将土壤中的氧化铁除去后,有机酸对铝吸附的影响变小。在pH5.0时有机酸主要通过形成可溶性有机铝络合物减小土壤对铝的吸附,但有机酸的存在增加了Al^3 在吸附性铝中所占的比例,导致铝的解吸率增加。土壤中大量氧化铁的存在使其即使在低pH下也能对铝离子发生专性吸附,导致吸附性铝的解吸率减小。 相似文献
855.
天然水体中有机酸当量浓度的确定方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文根据天然水体中溶解有机在碳与化学需氧量和生化需氧量之间的相关性,以及有机酸当量和水体溶解有机碳之间的近似定量关系,提出了由化学需氧量或生化需氧量得到溶解有机碳或总有机碳浓度,最终得到有机酸和有机酸根当量浓度的转换方法,为大区域天然水体有机酸碱缓冲作用的评估提供了一个实用的转换途径。 相似文献
856.
Surface palaeosols in two tills and a diamicton from an area in northwestern China were analysed for geochemical pollutants. Elevated levels of Br, As and Sb indicate that pollution from coal-burning and/or coal-fired electricity generating stations is delivered by aeolian transport into palaeosols dating from the last glaciation. Because the climate in the field area is sub-humid (precipitation <760 mm) the relative movement of soluble elements in palaeosols dating from early and late stades of the last glaciation is not expected to be high. The glacial and aeolian parent materials of the palaeosols indicate differences that are probably related to their source areas and to the incorporation of geochemical pollutants. 相似文献
857.
本文主要介绍在含酸及其相应盐的废液中分离酸和盐的一种方法。将含酸及其相应盐的废液,通过装有强碱性阴离子交换树脂柱,其中的酸受到阻滞,而相应的盐能顺利通过,然后用水洗脱,则流出的是含酸的溶液,使酸和相应的盐得到了分离。经FeSO4-H2SO4和ZnSO4-H2SO4两组废液的试验,均能使酸和金属得到回收。分离后的废水,可达标排放,废液得到了处理。酸阻滞法简单易行,易于投产使用,不受规模大小的限制。 相似文献
858.
Ingo?NarberhausEmail author Claudine?Theuring Thomas?Hartmann Susanne?Dobler 《Chemoecology》2004,14(1):17-23
Summary. Several species of Longitarsus take up, metabolize and
store pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from their host plants. In feeding experiments using
radioactively labeled PAs of different types we examined the time course of the sequestration
process in L. jacobaeae and
L. aeruginosus. We found that adapted species efficiently
store PAs for at least two weeks without major losses. During that time, there is virtually
no change in the ratio of tertiary alkaloids to stored non-toxic
N-oxides, regardless of chemical form fed to the beetles. This
implies a transient N-oxidation process where the alkaloids are
only temporarily accessible to the enzyme. A dissection experiment with
L. aeruginosus six days after uptake of labeled PAs
showed that the tertiary alkaloids are not found in the hemolymph but are stored in the
elytra and other body compartments. This conforms with earlier experiments that localized the
enzymes site of action in the hemolymph. Furthermore we show that different total alkaloid
doses in the diet of L. jacobaeae and the potentially less
adapted L. succineus do not affect the ratio of recovered
N-oxides to tertiary molecules. Thus, the efficiency of the
N-oxidizing enzyme is not dependent on the concentration of
alkaloids offered. 相似文献
859.
不同有机物料在潮棕壤中有机碳分解进程 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
用尼龙网袋法研究了特定年度中,不同月份间有机物料在潮棕壤旱田、水田中有机碳分解速率及C/N变化。结果表明,4种物料(玉米秸和玉米根,水稻秸和水稻根)在潮棕壤地区温度、湿度适宜的前3个月(1999年7—月)迅速分解,之后进入缓慢分解阶段,其中根的分解残留率始终高于秸秆。经计算约有2/3的玉米根和稻根腐解产物残留在土壤里;分解至试验结束。所有物料的C/N比都趋于一致,约在10—13之间,与土壤腐殖质的洲比非常相近,说明这些物料已基本完成其腐殖化过程,而成为较稳定的有机组分、这对增加土壤有机质、培肥土壤非常重要。 相似文献
860.
概括了环境中可溶性有机物的特点,并系统总结了当前国内外关于可溶性有机物对土壤中主要污染物环境行为的影响的研究进展。阐述了可溶性有机物对农药、多环芳烃在土壤中的吸附、解吸及分配等环境行为所起的作用。最后指出了该方面研究存在的问题及今后应加强的方向。 相似文献