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581.
Contemporary urban air quality management requires the use of appropriate systems which include air quality models, a Geographical Information System (GIS) and a combination of expert systems and decision support tools, while at the same time possessing the capability to receive information from in situ measurements. Until recently, the relation between Information Technology capabilities and the system's design and architecture were poorly addressed, mainly due to technological limitations posed. Moreover, air quality management scenario design issues were partially considered, because of the difficulty in aggregating complex, air quality related issues, in a comprehensive and effective manner, from the end users point of view. In the present paper the use of Environmental Telematics is discussed as a framework for the development of urban air quality management systems, while a comprehensive approach for the application and evaluation of relevant scenarios is presented. 相似文献
582.
583.
Francisco Ferreira Hugo Tente Pedro Torres Sérgio Cardoso José M. Palma-Oliveira 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):443-450
The environmental decision-making process is related with the interpretation of data both in spatial and temporal dimensions. This paper presents a methodology that integrates the time-space framework of air quality data to infer the temporal pattern and spatial variability that could be interpreted for environmental decision purposes. Variograms that accommodate time and space lags were used for the analysis and proved to be effective. Its environmental meaning, in particular its relationship with traffic patterns is discussed. Data from air quality monitoring stations located in the central part of Lisbon were used in this study. It describes a strategy to identify the type of vehicles responsible for certain pollutant levels, particularly for nitrogen oxides, and discusses the application of new air quality European legislation to the city of Lisbon, Portugal. 相似文献
584.
Effective water resources management programs have always incorporated detailed analyses of hydrological and water quality
processes in the upland watershed and downstream waterbody. We have integrated two powerful hydrological and water quality
models (SWAT and CE-QUAL-W2) to simulate the combined processes of water quantity and quality both in the upland watershed
and downstream waterbody. Whereas the SWAT model outputs water quality variables in its entirety, the CE-QUAL-W2 model requires
inputs in various pools of organic matter contents. An intermediate program was developed to extract outputs from SWAT at
required subbasin and reach outlets and converts them into acceptable CE-QUAL-W2 inputs. The CE-QUAL-W2 model was later calibrated
for various hydrodynamic and water quality simulations in the Cedar Creek Reservoir, TX, USA. The results indicate that the
two models are compatible and can be used to assess and manage water resources in complex watersheds comprised of upland watershed
and downstream waterbodies. 相似文献
585.
Felix Deutsch Jean Vankerkom Liliane Janssen Filip Lefebre Clemens Mensink Frans Fierens Gerwin Dumont Edward Roekens 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(3):431-437
The European Operational Smog (EUROS) integrated air quality modelling system has been extended to model fine particulate
matter (PM). From an extended literature study, the Caltech Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism and the Model of Aerosol Dynamics,
Reaction, Ionisation and Dissolution were selected and recently coupled to EUROS. Currently, modelling of mass and chemical
composition of aerosols in two size fractions (PM2.5 and PM10–2.5) is possible. The chemical composition is expressed in terms of seven components: ammonium, nitrate, sulphate, elementary
carbon, primary inorganic compounds, primary organic compounds and secondary organic compounds. Calculated PM10 concentrations and chemical composition are presented for two summer months of the year 2003 (1 July to 31 August). 相似文献
586.
固城湖春季水环境因子空间变异及其原因探讨 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
在现场采样数据的基础上,运用Arc GIS的地统计学组件分析了固城湖春季水环境因子空间变异规律,并从污粢源分布、水生植物密度差异方面探讨了水环境因子空间变异产生的原因.结果表明:(1)变异函教选择球状模型和高斯模型拟合水环境因子的变差曲线,从预测误差判断,拟合效果很好,因此,固城湖水环境因子的空同分布图比较真实地反映了固城湖水环境现状;(2)固城湖TN、NH4+-N基本上呈现从南到北逐渐升高的趋势,TN、NH4+-N、SD的空间变异主要是由人类活动引起,水革对TN、NH4+-N的吸收作用、SD的改善作用不明显;(3)太湖区TP基本上呈现从中西部向东逐渐升高的趋势,与大湖区水草密度的变化趋势相反;水革密度越大(大湖中南部)pH越高,而水草密度越小(航道、湖东部)pH越小;(4)中南部湖区围罔的全部拆除、港口河上游生活污水减少,都使得中南部湖区水质得到改善. 相似文献
587.
588.
以原子荧光法测定水中砷为例,探讨了实验室盲样考核浓度预判及稀释方法.分析了3个砷盲样考核实例,归纳了“直接稀释法”“系列稀释法”“最大稀释法”3种方法,分别适用于盲样浓度范围窄、适中、宽3种情况,检测人员可根据考核机构给定的浓度范围合理选用. 相似文献
589.
阳澄湖浮游藻类现状调查及水质评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对苏州阳澄湖2009年-2011年的浮游藻类现状进行调查,采用硅藻指数和Shannon-wiener指数两种生物学指数评价阳澄湖水体污染状况.结果表明,在阳澄湖发现浮游藻类219种(包括变种),秋季的浮游藻类种类数多于春季;阳澄湖水质尚好,东湖南富营养化程度较为严重.目前阳澄湖的有机污染处于缓慢上升的态势,富营养化水平也不断提高. 相似文献
590.
喻家湖水质时空分布特征和影响因子分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过设计合理的水质监测网,采用多元统计分析,并结合地理信息技术对武汉市喻家湖在2011年-2012年期间12个监测点、13个水质参数监测值进行水质时空分布特征研究.结果表明,喻家湖13个水质指标概括为4个主成分:第一主成分代表喻家湖的重金属污染,第二主成分代表其富营养化水平,第三主成分代表有机污染程度,第四主成分间接指示富营养化程度;在时间和空间变化上都可分为二组,显著性指标的时空差异较明显,水质污染程度从南至北逐渐减弱,湖溪河是喻家湖的最主要污染源.并对水质参数,监测点位和频次进行了优化. 相似文献